Consumption of sugar sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages, and fruit juice and incidence of type 2 diabetes: systematic review, meta-analysis, and estimation of population attributable fraction

Imamura, Fumiaki; O’Connor, Laura; Zheng, Yi; Mursu, Jaakko; Hayashino, Yasuaki; Bhupathiraju, Shilpa N; Forouhi, Nita G.

doi:10.1136/bmj.h3576

Cited by 801 publications

(658 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…As SSB ideally should be consumed on an occasional basis, it is possible that an assessment over a limited time period may not reliably reflect usual intake. Much of the current research around SSB has a strong policy focus, tracking global or country-level consumption frequency and relating this to wider health concerns such as obesity or type 2 diabetes (11,16,128) . FFQ, particularly if made more comparable across regions (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, while evidence suggests that reducing the intake of SSB would lead to a significant reduction in the incidence of obesity as well as other chronic illness such as diabetes (type 2) (15,16) , the link between obesity and intake of SSB is one that continues to be examined, with mixed results (8,(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22) . Many reasons for this inconsistency have been indicated, including methodological differences between studies and differing characteristics of assessment instruments, such as differences in the units of serving size, frequency categories and the definitions of SSB used (17) .…”

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confidence: 99%

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A systematic review of methods to assess intake of sugar-sweetened beverages among healthy European adults and children: a DEDIPAC (DEterminants of DIet and Physical Activity) study

Riordan

Ryan

Perry

et al. 2016

Public Health Nutr.

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Research indicates that intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) may be associated with negative health consequences. However, differences between assessment methods can affect the comparability of intake data across studies. The current review aimed to identify methods used to assess SSB intake among children and adults in pan-European studies and to inform the development of the DEDIPAC (DEterminants of DIet and Physical Activity) toolbox of methods suitable for use in future European studies. A literature search was conducted using three electronic databases and by hand-searching reference lists. English-language studies of any design which assessed SSB consumption were included in the review. Studies involving two or more European countries were included in the review. Healthy, free-living children and adults. The review identified twenty-three pan-European studies which assessed intake of SSB. The FFQ was the most commonly used (n 24), followed by the 24 h recall (n 6) and diet records (n 1). There were several differences between the identified FFQ, including the definition of SSB used. In total, seven instruments that were tested for validity were selected as potentially suitable to assess SSB intake among adults (n 1), adolescents (n 3) and children (n 3). The current review highlights the need for instruments to use an agreed definition of SSB. Methods that were tested for validity and used in pan-European populations encompassing a range of countries were identified. These methods should be considered for use by future studies focused on evaluating consumption of SSB

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of methods to assess intake of sugar-sweetened beverages among healthy European adults and children: a DEDIPAC (DEterminants of DIet and Physical Activity) study

Riordan

Ryan

Perry

et al. 2016

Public Health Nutr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A second group performed a meta-analysis of studies that isolated consumption of soda (n=17) and fruit juice (n=13), controlled for calories and adjusted for adiposity (23). This metaanalysis showed that both soda and fruit juice specifically increase the relative risk ratio for diabetes (1.27, 1.10, respectively) over time.…”

Section: Insulin Receptormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, a meta-analysis of meta-analyses showed that 5 of 6 food industry-sponsored studies showed that sugared beverages do not cause weight gain, whereas 10 of 12 independent studies showed that they did (39). In fact, the 1 meta-analysis that takes funding source into account finds that sugar consumption does predict diabetes (23), yet none of Dr. Sievenpiper's analyses are stratified by funding source.…”

Section: The Fallacies Of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sickeningly Sweet: Does Sugar Cause Type 2 Diabetes? Yes

Lustig

2016

Canadian Journal of Diabetes

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“…The potential mechanisms by which LCS consumption might influence appetite and food intake were reviewed by Mattes and Popkin (27) and they concluded that, although the evidence was lacking for many putative mechanisms (such as cephalic phase stimulation, gut peptide response and increased palatability of products), further research in the free living population via long-term randomised controlled trials was warranted. In addition to body weight status, LCS consumption in relation to a range of adverse health outcomes including cancer (28,29) , CVD (30,31) , diabetes mellitus (32,33) and preterm deliveries (34) has also been investigated. No convincing evidence of a risk in the development of any adverse effects as a result of LCS consumption has been presented to date.…”

Section: Health Effects Of Low-calorie Sweeteners Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

The potential application of a biomarker approach for the investigation of low-calorie sweetener exposure

et al. 2016

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Low-calorie sweeteners (LCS) are commonly used as sugar substitutes in the diet to provide a desired sweet taste without increased energy intake. The number of LCS available on the market has increased considerably over the years and despite extensive evaluation of their safety prior to approval, debate continues around the effects of consumption on health. In Europe, Member States are obligated to monitor exposure to LCS and methods currently used tend to rely on self-reported dietary intake data alongside LCS concentrations in products. However, the acquisition of accurate data can be costly in terms of resources and time and are inherently imprecise. Although LCS are intensely sweet, they are chemically diverse and a limitation of many studies investigating the health effects of consumption is that they often fail to discern intakes of individual LCS. An approach which objectively assesses intakes of individual LCS would therefore allow robust investigations of their possible effects on health. Biomarker approaches have been utilised for the objective investigation of intakes of a range of dietary components and the feasibility of any such approach depends upon its validity as well as its applicability within the target population. This review aims to provide an overview of current understanding of LCS intake and explore the possibility of implementing a biomarker approach to enhance such understanding. Several commonly used LCS, once absorbed into the body, are excreted via the kidneys; therefore a urinary biomarker approach may be possible for the investigation of short-term exposure to these compounds.

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Consumption of sugar sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages, and fruit juice and incidence of type 2 diabetes: systematic review, meta-analysis, and estimation of population attributable fraction

Cited by 801 publications

References 55 publications

A systematic review of methods to assess intake of sugar-sweetened beverages among healthy European adults and children: a DEDIPAC (DEterminants of DIet and Physical Activity) study

A systematic review of methods to assess intake of sugar-sweetened beverages among healthy European adults and children: a DEDIPAC (DEterminants of DIet and Physical Activity) study

Sickeningly Sweet: Does Sugar Cause Type 2 Diabetes? Yes

The potential application of a biomarker approach for the investigation of low-calorie sweetener exposure

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