Consumptive water use and crop coefficients for warm-season turfgrass species in the Southeastern United States

Wherley, Benjamin; Dukes, Michael D.; Cathey, Sarah E.; Miller, Grady L.; Sinclair, Thomas R.

doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2015.03.020

Cited by 41 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This is likely due to the nearly constant values of K e resulting from the abundant and frequent rains that kept the soil evaporation layer wet most of time for all three cutting treatments. The standard K c values reported in Table 8 for this study with Tifton 85 bermudagrass are larger than those reported by Wherley et al [23] for bermudagrass and by Graham et al [48] for ryegrass, and slightly larger than those reported by Neal et al [24] for ryegrass. These authors also adopted a single averaged K c .…”

Section: Crop Coefficientscontrasting

confidence: 53%

“…A few authors directly compared ET obtained with eddy covariance, BREB, or a soil water balance with ET o but not searching for a K c value [20], or even assumed equality between grass ET and ET o [21]. Other authors just computed daily K c act values (often using different designations for that parameter) but did not search for a K c curve that would describe their seasonal variation [22,23], or just identified a mean seasonal K c act [24]. The lack of search for a K c curve led some authors to consider the K c -ET o approach as non-useful [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evapotranspiration Partition and Crop Coefficients of Tifton 85 Bermudagrass as Affected by the Frequency of Cuttings. Application of the FAO56 Dual Kc Model

Paredes

Rodrigues

Petry

et al. 2018

Water

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Abstract:This study aims to model the impacts of the frequency of cuttings of Tifton 85 bermudagrass on the dynamics of evapotranspiration (ET c ) and to derive crop coefficients appropriate for grass water management. Two seasons of experimentation were used with four different cutting treatments which provided field data for calibration and validation of the soil water balance model SIMDualKc for all treatments. Cuttings were performed after the cumulative growth degree days (CGDD) attained 124 • C, 248 • C and 372 • C, thus from short to very long intervals between cuttings. SIMDualKc adopts the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) dual K c approach for partitioning ET into crop transpiration and soil evaporation, thus providing for an assessment of their dynamics. All treatments were irrigated to avoid water stress. Grass ET c was modelled adopting a K cb curve to describe the ET variation for each cutting cycle, that is, using the FAO K c curve that consists of a series of K cb curves relative to each cutting cycle. Each individual K cb curve consisted of three segments constructed when knowing the K cb values at the initial, at the end of rapid growth, and at cutting, respectively K cb ini , K cb gro and K cb cut . These K cb values were first estimated using the equation relating K cb to the density coefficient (K d ), which is computed from the fraction of ground cover (f c ) and canopy height (h) at the same dates. The goodness of fit indicators relative to the calibration and validation of the SIMDualKc model were rather good, with the normalized root mean square error (RMSE) ranging from 4.0% to 6.7% of the mean available soil water. As an example, the standard K cb values obtained after model calibration relative to the cuttings treatment with CGDD of 248 • C are: K cb ini = 0.86, K cb gro = 0.91 and K cb cut = 0.96. K cb values were smaller when the frequency of cuts was larger because h and f c were smaller, and were larger for reduced cuttings frequency since h and f c were then larger. Because the soil was wet most of the time, the soil evaporation K e varied little but its value was small due to the combined effects of the fraction of crop cover and plant litter covering the soil. The values of K c = K cb +K e also varied little due to the influence of K e and the K c curve obtained a form different from the K cb curves, and a single K c value was adopted for each cutting frequency, e.g., K c = 0.99 for the treatment with CGDD of 248 • C. Results of the soil water balance have shown that, during the experimental periods, likely due to the effects of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), runoff and deep percolation exceeded ET c . Moreover, the soil evaporation ratio was small: 14% in case of frequent cuttings and less for more spaced cuttings, thus with a transpiration ratio close to 90%, which indicates a very high beneficial consumptive water use, mainly when cuttings are not very frequent.

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Section: Crop Coefficientscontrasting

confidence: 53%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evapotranspiration Partition and Crop Coefficients of Tifton 85 Bermudagrass as Affected by the Frequency of Cuttings. Application of the FAO56 Dual Kc Model

Paredes

Rodrigues

Petry

et al. 2018

Water

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“…During the growing season, ET rates of most turfgrass range from 3 to 8 mm d −1 and can be as high as 12 mm d −1 (Beard, 1973). The ET rates of warm‐season grasses fluctuate over time and have been reported to range from 0.5 mm d −1 during winter to 5.0 mm d −1 during late spring and early summer in a lysimeter study conducted in Florida (Wherley et al, 2015).…”

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confidence: 99%

Evapotranspiration Rates of Turf Bermudagrasses under Nonlimiting Soil Moisture Conditions in Oklahoma

Amgain

Harris

Thapa³

et al. 2018

Crop Science

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Due to limited water availability and increasing water costs, it is essential to identify and utilize turfgrasses with reduced water use rates. The objective of this study was to evaluate the evapotranspiration rates of bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) genotypes under nonlimiting soil moisture conditions in the field at Stillwater, OK. Evapotranspiration rates of 10 bermudagrass genotypes were determined using mini‐lysimeters with calcined clay as rooting media. Daily evapotranspiration (ET) rates were measured before dawn by weighing the mini‐lysimeters from August to September in 2013, 2014, and 2015. A significant genotype × year effect was found. Therefore, data were analyzed separately for each year. Within years, the genotype × date effect was significant only in 2014. In 2013, ‘TGS_U3’, ‘TifTuf’, and ‘Premier’ used more water than OKC 1302, OKC 1163, ‘Latitude 36’, ‘Tifway’, and OKC 1131. In 2014, TifTuf, ‘Celebration’, Tifway, and OKC 1302 used more water than Premier, TGS_U3, ‘NorthBridge’, OKC 1163, and OKC 1131. In 2015, TifTuf, Celebration, and Latitude 36 used more water than Premier, OKC 1302, OKC 1163, OKC 1131, and NorthBridge. TifTuf ranked consistently in the group of genotypes with the highest ET rates, whereas OKC 1131 ranked consistently in the group of genotypes with lowest ET rates in 2013, 2014, and 2015. The differences in ET rates show the potential for breeding programs to develop bermudagrass cultivars with lower ET rates, which may result in reduced overall ET requirements.

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“…In a comprehensive study evaluating various turfgrass K c values, Carrow (1995) (using the FAO modified Penman equation) determined that the K c for Tifway bermudagrass varied from 0.53 to 0.97 throughout the season in the southeastern United States. Wherley et al (2015) (using the ASCE‐EWRI Standardized Method) reported that K c of Tifway bermudagrass, ‘Empire’ zoysiagrass ( Zoysia japonica Steud. ), and ‘Floratam’ St. Augustinegrass [ Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter) Kuntze] did not differ on 24 of 30 measurement periods over 3 yr in Florida.…”

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confidence: 99%

Deficit Irrigation and Simulated Traffic on ‘Tifway’ Bermudagrass Summer Performance and Autumn Recovery

Hejl¹,

Wherley

White

et al. 2016

Crop Science

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Golf course water use continues to be highly scrutinized. Information is limited regarding minimal levels of reference evapotranspiration (ETo)‐based irrigation needed to maintain adequate summer fairway performance and autumn recovery. The objectives of this 2‐yr study were to (i) characterize ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt Davy] fairway response to irrigation levels of 0.6, 0.45, 0.3, and 0.0 × ETo, with and without simulated summer traffic and (ii) evaluate effects of irrigation and traffic on autumn recovery at full irrigation levels. Without traffic, ≥0.3 × ETo was generally adequate for maintaining acceptable quality both years. Withholding irrigation altogether resulted in unacceptable turf quality both years. Summer traffic reduced quality and percentage green cover at all irrigation levels. Canopy temperatures increased with diminishing irrigation, with up to 25°C difference between 0.6 × ETo and unirrigated plots. Upon resumption of full irrigation in autumn, deficit and unirrigated treatments rebounded to 80 to 90% green cover by late autumn. However, in Year 2, only irrigated plots recovered to adequate cover levels, with unirrigated plots suffering substantial injury with only 30% green cover by late autumn. While no rooting differences were detected in Year 1, turf the 0.3 × ETo and unirrigated treatments had lower root dry weights than 0.45 and 0.6 × ETo treatments in Year 2. These data suggest provision of minimal deficit irrigation levels during summer drought may be important for sustaining turf viability and promoting autumn recovery of bermudagrass following successive years of summer drought stress.

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Consumptive water use and crop coefficients for warm-season turfgrass species in the Southeastern United States

Cited by 41 publications

References 16 publications

Evapotranspiration Partition and Crop Coefficients of Tifton 85 Bermudagrass as Affected by the Frequency of Cuttings. Application of the FAO56 Dual Kc Model

Evapotranspiration Partition and Crop Coefficients of Tifton 85 Bermudagrass as Affected by the Frequency of Cuttings. Application of the FAO56 Dual Kc Model

Evapotranspiration Rates of Turf Bermudagrasses under Nonlimiting Soil Moisture Conditions in Oklahoma

Deficit Irrigation and Simulated Traffic on ‘Tifway’ Bermudagrass Summer Performance and Autumn Recovery

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