Contact and photocontact sensitivity problems associated with thiourea and its derivatives: a review of the literature and case reports

Dooms‐Goossens, A.; Chrispeels, M. T.; Veylder, H. De; Roelandts, Rik; Willems, Ludo; Degreef, Hugo

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1987.tb05881.x

Cited by 59 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…8 ACD to thiourea has also been reported; this was due to its derivatives being used in the rubber vulcanisation process. 9 Sensitisation to thiourea is classified as photodermatitis, and exposure to sun favours its development. Our data show that the most common causes of sensitisation in athletes are the chemical substances used in rubber processing; they include thiourams and mercaptobenzothiazole.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contact dermatitis in students practicing sports: incidence of rubber sensitisation

Ventura

Dagnello²,

Matino³

et al. 2001

Br J Sports Med

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Background-Over the last few years, changes in cutaneous homoeostasis resulting from sports activities have been reported. In particular, alterations in sweating mechanisms, the hydrolipid barrier, and surface bacterial flora, together with exposure to atmospheric conditions and the need to use medicaments, detergents, and other topical substances, predispose subjects to allergic contact dermatitis. Objective-To evaluate the incidence of allergic contact dermatitis in a group of young people practising sports activities. Methods-Patch tests were performed to confirm the diagnosis of irritant or allergic dermatitis; in addition, the radioallergoabsorbent test (RAST) to latex was evaluated in the group studied. Results-Allergic contact dermatitis caused by thiourams (23.3%) and mercaptobenzothiazole (20.9%) was prevalent. Other haptens, such as benzocaine and nickel, which are contained in clothing, equipment, topical medicaments, and creams used for massage, were also allergenic. In two cases, RAST positivity to latex was registered. Conclusions-The results suggest that close contact with sports equipment may increase the incidence of allergic contact dermatitis. Students practising certain sports may have "professional" allergic contact dermatitis to additives used in the production of rubber. (Br J Sports Med 2001;35:100-102) Keywords: skin; allergic contact dermatitis; latex; patch test; equipment; thiourams The increased exposure of human skin to the environment as the result of sports activities alters its barrier function against external agents. Firstly, the skin becomes the target of many stresses related to both physical exercise and the special clothing used in various sports, often more traditional than practical. In addition, physical exercise causes changes in the hydrolipid film and the skin pH, which tends to rise when its buVer systems, including lactic acid, glutamic acid and aspartic acid, undergo changes. Moreover, increased sweating associated with reduced opportunity for evaporation in sports attire such as the suits worn by fencers and the fire resistant overalls worn by racing drivers modifies the defensive capacity of the skin, altering the hydrolipid barrier and surface microbial flora. 1At the same time, exposure to sun and other atmospheric conditions triggers a series of reactions such as dissolution of molecular bonds, formation of oxygen free radicals, production of peroxidase, and denaturation of some protein structures.2 Finally, frequent washing and the use of medicaments and other topical substances alter the normal physiological skin balance in athletes, increasing the possibility for allergising substances to penetrate and therefore increasing the incidence of irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) or allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). The onset of ICD, especially after contact with solvents or other aggressive organic substances, may be aggravated by hyperhydrosis. ACD is elicited after contact and re-exposure to the same sensitising agent, with contributions from variou...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contact dermatitis in students practicing sports: incidence of rubber sensitisation

Ventura

Dagnello²,

Matino³

et al. 2001

Br J Sports Med

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“…[24][25][26] Of interest, there has been one reported case of ACD caused by nickel in a neoprene wet suit. 16,31,32,37 However, the majority of cases do not support cross-reactivity. 27 There have also been reports of ACD in patients who use neoprene masks.…”

Section: N Eoprene Was First Discovered In 1930 and Ismentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Studies show patch-test reactivity ranging from 0.6 to 1.3%. Thus, physicians should be aware of common neoprene products (Table 2) [6][7][8] as well as other products that contain thioureas (Table 3) 12,16,37 and should advise patients on avoidance, based on clinical relevance. 42 Given the ubiquity of neoprene products, it is important that physicians be aware of neoprene as a source of ACD.…”

Section: N Eoprene Was First Discovered In 1930 and Ismentioning

confidence: 99%

Neoprene

Woo¹,

Militello²,

James³

2004

Dermatitis

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“…In the use and processing of thiourea, contact dermatitis has occasionally been reported, e.g., on use in silver polish and diazo (blueprint) paper, sometimes after UV irradiation [82][83][84][85][86].…”

Section: Carcinogenicitymentioning

confidence: 99%