The article contains sections titled: 1. Calcium Cyanamide 1.1. Physical Properties 1.2. Chemical Properties 1.3. Production 1.3.1. Overall Process 1.3.2. Manufacture 1.3.3. Processing of Technical Calcium Cyanamide 1.4. Quality Specifications 1.5. Storage and Transportation 1.6. Uses 1.7. Legal Aspects 2. Cyanamide 2.1. Physical Properties 2.2. Chemical Properties 2.3. Production 2.4. Analysis 2.5. Storage and Transportation 2.6. Uses 2.7. Legal Aspects 3. Dicyandiamide 3.1. Physical Properties 3.2. Chemical Properties 3.3. Production 3.4. Quality Specifications and Analysis 3.5. Storage and Transportation 3.6. Uses 3.7. Legal Aspects 4. Substituted Cyanamides 5. Toxicology and Occupational Health Calcium cyanamide is produced from calcium carbide and nitrogen gas by an exothermic solid nitrogenation at 1000°C. It is used as a slow release nitrogen fertilizer with beneficial side effects against soilborne deseases. In chemical industry, it is the base for cyanamide and thiourea chemistry. Cyanamide is a fairly stable, toxic substance obtained from calcium cyanamide by reaction with water and carbon dioxide. It has vast applications in industrial nitrogen organic chemistry, and is also directly used as a plant protection agent. Dicyandiamide is derived from cyanamide by dimerization in presence of alkali. The nontoxic compound has found widespread industrial applications in resins, plastics, water treatment, and pharmaceuticals.

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The article contains sections titled: 1. Guanidine and Guanidine Salts 1.1. Properties 1.2. Production 1.2.1. Guanidine Salts from Dicyandiamide 1.2.2. Guanidine Salts from Cyanamide 1.2.3. Guanidine Salts from Urea 1.2.4. Other Processes 1.3. Environmental Protection 1.4. Quality Specifications 1.5. Analysis 1.6. Storage and Transportation 1.7. Legal Aspects 1.8. Uses 1.8.1. Pharmaceuticals 1.8.2. Plant Protection 1.8.3. Cosmetics 1.8.4. Textile Impregnation, Flame Retardants, Paper and Resin Manufacture 1.8.5. Propellants and Explosives 1.8.6. Biotechnological Applications of Guanidine Salts 1.9. Economic Aspects 2. Derivatives 2.1. Nitroguanidine 2.2. Aminoguanidine 2.3. Diamino‐ and Triaminoguanidine 2.4. Organoguanidines 2.4.1. Alkylguanidines 2.4.2. Arylguanidines 2.5. Biguanide and Derivatives 3. Toxicology and Occupational Health Guanidine salts are made from cyanamide or dicyandiamide by addition of ammonium salts. The highly soluble guanidine hydrochloride is mainly used in pharmaceutical and biotech applications, while guanidine nitrate is used in propellants and explosives. Nitroguanidine, prepared by nitration of guanidine nitrate, is used for explosives and as a building block for neonicotinoid insecticides. Aminoguanidines, prepared from hydrazines and cyanamide or guanidines, are mainly used for agrochemicals and — due to their high nitrogen content — as a component for propellants and gas generators. Organoguanidines can be prepared from cyanamides or cyanogen chloride. They are used as building blocks for agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals, and as curing agents for plastics and rubbers. Biguanides can be obtained from dicyanamide or cyanoguanidines, they are mainly used as pharmaceuticals and biocides.

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lonisierung\potentiale, Photoelektronenspektren und Massenspektren einer Reihe von Trifluorphosphin-metall-Komplexen beweisen, daB PF3 in noch geringerem MaBe als CO zur Ladungsubertragung auf das Zentralmetallatom befahigt und damit ein sehr starker Akzeptor ist. Es wird gezeigt, ddfi Tonisierungspotentiale von Komplexen in einfacherer Weise und eindcutiger AuEschlul3 uber Donor-Akzeptor-Eigenschaftcn \ion Liganden L geben als vco-Frequenzen bzw. vco-Kraftkonstanten von Carbonyl-metall-L-Verbindungen.