Contact Dermatitis in Tertiary Hospital: A 2-year Retrospective Study

Abstract

Background: Contact dermatitis (CD) is a skin inflammatory caused by allergen or irritant that generates public health impact. CD is classified into two types, based on its etiological perspective, namely allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) due to a hypersensitivity type IV reaction and irritant contact dermatitis (ICD), which is a non-immunological reaction. Purpose: To determine the profile of CD patients at Dermatology and Venereology Outpatients Unit of Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya in January 2018 – December 2019. Methods: A retrospective study by observation and recording data. The results of the data recap were then processed using Microsoft Excel to obtain conclusions. Result: The results obtained were ACD (61.9%) and ICD (38.1%), aged 26-45 years (32.7%), female (79.3%). The most frequent occupation was housewives (25.3%), followed by private employees (24.5%). The most suspected causative substance was cosmetic (47.7%). The most common skin disease history was food allergy (11%), followed by drug allergy (2.8%), and atopic dermatitis (2.3%). The most frequent manifestation was acute (69.8%), with the most clinical presentation was erythematous macules (35%). Most therapies were given in combination (73.6%), with antihistamines (61%) and topical corticosteroids (49.2%) were the most prescription drug. Conclusion: ACD was more common than ICD, mostly in a female, dominated in the 26-45 years old. Housewife was the most occupational. Cosmetic was the most suspected causative substance. Food allergy was the most skin disease history. Acute was the most frequent manifestation. Erythematous macules were the most clinical presentation. Antihistamine and corticosteroid are the most common drug in combination therapy.

Clinical Profile of Contact Dermatitis Patients at the Allergy-Immunology Division of Dermatology and Venereology Outpatient Clinic

“…This is in accordance with a study from Ginting that stated erythematous macules were the most frequent clinical manifestation in contact dermatitis with 35% of patients experiencing that clinical manifestation. 8 The most frequent diagnoses in this study were ACD, which affected 137 (60.4%) patients. Meanwhile, those who experienced ICD were as many as 90 (39.6%) patients.…”

“…7 Also, a study at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital in 2019 gave a similar figure, with 79.3% of the population being female and the rest being male. 8 Based on a study conducted by Chen in 2010, it is known that women more often suffer from skin diseases such as allergic diseases, autoimmune dermatoses, hair diseases, and pigmentary disorders. Therefore, in this study, the number of female patients was significantly higher compared to the number of male patients in the same period.…”

Implementation of education to batik workers about contact dermatitis in Tanjung Bumi, Bangkalan, Madura, Indonesia

“…Occupational contact dermatitis is the most common occupational skin disorder. A high prevalence of contact dermatitis was found in hair and make-up professionals, beauty clinics, health workers, food processing workers, and metal industry workers (Ginting et al, 2021;Prakoeswa et al, 2021).…”

“…Elimination or substitution of causative factors, engineering controls, and personal protective equipment (PPE) can help prevent occupational contact dermatitis (Ginting et al, 2021;Prakoeswa et al, 2021). According to a study, the use of gloves in batik workers had significant results including lower transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and better skin hydration, but there was no significant difference between neoprene gloves and the worker's personal gloves made of a thermoplastic polymer of vinyl (PVC).…”

Healing of Radiation Dermatitis with Ozonated Aloe Vera Oil by Increasing PDGF and Epidermal Thickness in Sprague-Dawley Rats

“…Dermatitis is one of the most common skin diseases and has various causes, one of which is radiation exposure (Paramata & Abas 2019, Prakoeswa et al2021, Ginting et al 2021). ).…”