Contact inactivation of orthopoxviruses by household disinfectants

Butcher, Wendy; Ulaeto, David O.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02601.x

Cited by 28 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…9 Other Studies have also shown that most frequently used fomites are most likely to be contaminated and consequently they will generally carry heterotrophic bacterial loads. 10 However, this study has observed that most common bacterial contaminants at Daeyang Luke Hospital just like any other hospital in the developing world are S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of bacterial contamination of toilets and bathroom doors handle/knobs at Daeyang Luke hospital

Ngonda¹

2017

PBE

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Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the level of bacterial contamination of door handles/knobs of toilets and bathrooms at Daeyang Luke Hospital.Methods: Fomite can be described as a non-living object capable of carrying infectious organism and it is considered as one of the major source of spread of hospital acquired infection. In this study, door handles/knobs were swabbed with sterile swab stick moistened with sterile water. The content was evenly transferred to nutrient agar petric dish and then incubated for 24 hours at 37˚C. The study was done between the months of May to August 2016. Results:The results of the study showed that during the period of study there was 41.6% bacterial contamination with the female medical and surgical ward toilets being more contaminated as compared to staff toilets. Private room bathrooms were more contaminated during the period of study as compared to the staff room bathrooms that were less contaminated. Among the bacterial contaminant isolated and identified, Staphylococcus aureus had the highest prevalence followed by Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter species and Klebsiella pneumoniae respectively.Conclusions: Therefore, from the study, it can be concluded that general public needs observe hand hygiene and use of quality disinfection procedures in order to reduce hospital acquired infection.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of bacterial contamination of toilets and bathroom doors handle/knobs at Daeyang Luke hospital

Ngonda¹

2017

PBE

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“…transmitting microbial germs from one person to another (1,2). This is especially important in health centers because the constant handling of the mobile phones by hospital staffs facilitates gathering various types of nosocomial germs that can become an important source for transmission of these infections (3). In fact, the use of mobile phone by clinical staffs can enhance pathogen transmission and might intensify the hardship of interrupting infection spread (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Contamination of Mobile Phones of Health Care Providers in a Teaching Hospital in Hamadan Province, Iran

Sedighi

Alikhani

Ramezani

et al. 2015

Arch Clin Infect Dis

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Background:The use of mobile phone by clinical staffs enhances transmission of pathogens and therefore, might intensify the hardship of interrupting infection spread. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine bacterial colonization on the mobile phones used by clinical staffs in hospitals. Patients and Methods:We randomly selected and examined 250 mobile phones from their users. The phones were obtained from the following study groups: Group A, 125 clinical staffs including physicians, nurses, residents, and interns; and group B, 125 university headquarters staffs. Isolated microorganisms were identified using biochemical tests such as Gram stain, morphology, catalase, and oxidase reaction, and all isolates were allocated to appropriate genera. Antibiotic sensitivity test was done using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: In total, 99.2% of mobile phones in clinical staffs group demonstrated growth of bacterial species. The most common isolate were consecutively coagulase-negative staphylococci (82.4%), Staphylococcus aureus (20.0%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.0%). Among controls, 93.6% of mobile phones demonstrated growth of bacterial species. For eradication of coagulase-negative staphylococci, the highest resistance rate was detected to oxacillin. For inhibition of S. aureus, the highest resistance was detected to Oxacillin. For eradicating P. aeruginosa, considerable resistance rate to ampicillin was detected in both study groups. Conclusions: Mobiles contamination with different pathogens is extremely common among our health care staffs compared with other societies, and resistance of these isolates to various antibiotics is also detectable. Thus, quick assessment of this issue to prevent the spread of these infectious agents is critical for the authorities in our health care systems.

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“…Cultures were incubated for 24 h post-infection (p.i.) to ensure maximum yield of progeny in untreated cultures, after which the released virus was titrated by TCID 50 assay (Butcher & Ulaeto, 2005). All three inhibitors resulted in a significant decrease in yield, with 2-DG and OX causing .3 log drop in virus yield, whereas LON caused a 1 log drop (Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Semliki Forest virus and Sindbis virus, but not vaccinia virus, require glycolysis for optimal replication

Findlay

Ulaeto

2015

Journal of General Virology

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Short CommunicationSemliki Forest virus and Sindbis virus, but not vaccinia virus, require glycolysis for optimal replication James S. Findlay and David Ulaeto Correspondence James S. Findlay jsfindlay@dstl.gov.uk CBR Division, Dstl Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK Viruses are obligate intracellular pathogens which rely on the cell's machinery to produce the energy and macromolecules required for replication. Infection is associated with a modified metabolic profile and one pathway which can be modified is glycolysis. In this study, we investigated if the glycolysis pathway is required for alphavirus replication. Pre-treatment of Vero cells with three different glycolysis inhibitors (2-deoxyglucose, lonidamine and oxamate) resulted in a significant reduction (but not abrogation) of Semliki Forest virus and Sindbis virus replication, but not of the unrelated virus, vaccinia virus. Reduced virus yield was not associated with any significant cytotoxic effect and delayed treatment up to 3 h post-infection still resulted in a significant reduction. This suggested that glycolysis is required for optimal replication of alphaviruses by supporting post-entry life cycle steps.

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Contact inactivation of orthopoxviruses by household disinfectants

Cited by 28 publications

References 11 publications

Assessment of bacterial contamination of toilets and bathroom doors handle/knobs at Daeyang Luke hospital

Assessment of bacterial contamination of toilets and bathroom doors handle/knobs at Daeyang Luke hospital

Bacterial Contamination of Mobile Phones of Health Care Providers in a Teaching Hospital in Hamadan Province, Iran

Semliki Forest virus and Sindbis virus, but not vaccinia virus, require glycolysis for optimal replication

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