Contact mechanics and friction in PTFE coaxial sealing systems

Tribological Behavior of Hydraulic Cylinder Coaxial Sealing Systems Made from PTFE and PTFE Compounds

“…The fluid flow through the thus formed gap can be studied starting from several hypotheses: The calculation of the magnitude of the gap formed between the seal and the cylinder surface is based on the hypothesis that the seal is a cylinder with thin walls subjected to a pressure given by Equation (5). Thus, at zero pressure gradient, the gap g 0 is [25,26]:…”

Linear pneumatic motors – a comparative study

“…In singleacting cylinders the masses corresponding to a 0 mm stroke is of 0.167 kg, and increases by 0.0072 kg for each 10 mm of stroke. Equation (4) is the linear function that describes the dependency of the pneumatic cylinder mass on the stroke (s) [8]:…”

“…The graph was plotted based on the information provided by the MuscleSIM 2.0.1.5 application provided by the manufacturer. Equation (5) represents the linear function that describes best the dependency of the pneumatic muscle mass on its length [8]:…”

“…Equation (6) [8] represents the computational relationship of the force developed by the pneumatic muscle in dependence on the specific axial contraction ε = s/l.…”

“…Various expressions of this indicator for pneumatic muscles can be found in [8] and [9]. Thus paper [8] puts forward a computational relationship of the energy-to-mass ratio that takes into consideration the specific axial contraction ε of the pneumatic muscle, its length l and mass m.…”