Contaminated Stream Water as Source for <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157 Illness in Children

Probert, William S.; Miller, Glen M.; Ledin, Katya

doi:10.3201/eid2307.170226

Cited by 30 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It was reported in 2017 that Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 caused infection in children who had played in a stream flowing through a park. According to them, their results revealed that faeces from deer were most likely the source of contamination of the stream [32]. Faeces of animals and humans could harbour Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 that is why intensive monitoring, especially of faecal pollution arising from building toilets on water bodies, the use of faeces as manure and defecating in water bodies is important in understanding the extent of this pollution problem.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Molecular Techniques for the Characterization of Escherichia coli Isolated from Creek Road/Bonny Estuary in Rivers State, Nigeria

Aleru

Wachukwu

2020

JAMB

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study characterised Escherichia coli isolated from Creek Road/Bonny Estuary using molecular techniques. One hundred and twenty (120) water samples were investigated for the presence of E. coli in Creek Road/Bonny Estuary. Most Probable Number (MPN) Technique, Eijkman test and molecular techniques were used for the isolation and detection of E. coli. The analysis was carried out periodically (morning and evening) and seasonally (end of rainy season (November), the start of rainy season (April) and in the middle of rainy season (July)). All E. coli isolates were screened for resistance genes in the pathotypes of E. coli (EHEC, EPEC, EAEC, ETEC and EIEC), including Sulfhydryl Variable (SHV), CTX-M, Temoniera (TEM) and MCR genes using the Polymerase chain reaction Technique. The results showed that 100% of the water samples were positive for coliforms and all the water samples harboured E. coli. The highest total coliforms count recorded was in the morning of April (48 MPN/100 ml). The distribution of individual genes in the E. coli isolates are: SHV (5.0), CTX-M (5.8), TEM (4.2), MCR (0.0%), stx1 and stx2 (4.2), esV and bfA (1.7), aaiC (4.2), elt (3.3) and invE (2.5). The CTX-M was the most found of all the resistance genes.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Molecular Techniques for the Characterization of Escherichia coli Isolated from Creek Road/Bonny Estuary in Rivers State, Nigeria

Aleru

Wachukwu

2020

JAMB

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) has been associated with numerous foodborne outbreaks around the world and causes severe illnesses, such as hemorrhagic colitis, bloody diarrhea, and hemolytic-uremic syndrome (Nüesch-Inderbinen et al, 2018). STEC can be easily disseminated and can cause human illness through direct contact with animal feces, contaminated irrigation water, and fecal-oral contamination of food items (Guy et al, 2014;Colello et al, 2016;Kennedy et al, 2017;Probert et al, 2017;Browne et al, 2018). E. coli O157:H7 was the first STEC strain discovered and was associated with contaminated burger patties in 1982; it has recently been related to leafy green outbreaks in multiple states (Juska et al, 2000;CDC, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction, Diversity, and Genomic Analysis of Temperate Phages Induced From Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Strains

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a notorious foodborne pathogen containing stx genes located in the sequence region of Shiga toxin (Stx) prophages. Stx prophages, as one of the mobile elements, are involved in the transfer of virulence genes to other strains. However, little is known about the diversity of prophages among STEC strains. The objectives of this study were to predict various prophages from different STEC genomes and to evaluate the effect of different stress factors on Stx prophage induction. Forty bacterial whole-genome sequences of STEC strains obtained from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) were used for the prophage prediction using PHASTER webserver. Eight of the STEC strains from different serotypes were subsequently selected to quantify the induction of Stx prophages by various treatments, including antibiotics, temperature, irradiation, and antimicrobial agents. After induction, Stx1-converting phage Lys8385Vzw and Stx2-converting phage Lys12581Vzw were isolated and further confirmed for the presence of stx genes using conventional PCR. Phage morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The prediction results showed an average of 8-22 prophages, with one or more encoding stx, were predicted from each STEC genome obtained in this study. Additionally, the phylogenetic analysis revealed high genetic diversity of Stx prophages among the 40 STEC genomes. However, the sequences of Stx prophages in the genomes of STEC O45, O111, and O121 strains, in general, shared higher genetic homology than those in other serotypes. Interestingly, most STEC strains with two or more stx genes carried at least one each of Stx1 and Stx2 prophages. The induction results indicated EDTA and UV were the most effective inducers of Stx1 and Stx2 prophages of the 8 selected STECs, respectively. Additionally, both Stx-converting phages could infect non-pathogenic E. coli (WG5, DH5α, and MG1655) and form new lysogens. The findings of this study confirm that Stx prophages can be induced by environmental stress, such as exposure to solar radiation, and lysogenize other commensal E. coli strains.

show abstract

“…There is an indeterminate risk associated with non-point source pollution events, such as fecal deposition from some wildlife. Moreover, the lack of a clear connection or correlation with these input sources reflects the inherent difficulty in characterising non-point source inputs, but there is some evidence that these sources may also contribute pathogens (Probert et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fecal pollution: new trends and challenges in microbial source tracking using next‐generation sequencing

Unno

Staley

Brown

et al. 2018

Environmental Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this minireview, we expand upon traditional microbial source tracking (MST) methods by discussing two recently developed, next-generation-sequencing (NGS)-based MST approaches to identify sources of fecal pollution in recreational waters. One method defines operational taxonomic units (OTUs) that are specific to a fecal source, e.g., humans and animals or shared among multiple fecal sources to determine the magnitude and likely source association of fecal pollution. The other method uses SourceTracker, a program using a Bayesian algorithm, to determine which OTUs have contributed to an environmental community based on the composition of microbial communities in multiple fecal sources. Contemporary NGS-based MST tools offer a promising avenue to rapidly characterize fecal source contributions for water monitoring and remediation efforts at a broader and more efficient scale than previous molecular MST methods. However, both NGS methods require optimized sequence processing methodologies (e.g. quality filtering and clustering algorithms) and are influenced by primer selection for amplicon sequencing. Therefore, care must be taken when extrapolating data or combining datasets. Furthermore, traditional limitations of library-dependent MST methods, including differential decay of source material in environmental waters and spatiotemporal variation in source communities, remain to be fully understood. Nevertheless, increasing use of these methods, as well as expanding fecal taxon libraries representative of source communities, will help improve the accuracy of these methods and provide promising tools for future MST investigations.

show abstract

Contaminated Stream Water as Source for Escherichia coli O157 Illness in Children

Cited by 30 publications

References 8 publications

Using Molecular Techniques for the Characterization of Escherichia coli Isolated from Creek Road/Bonny Estuary in Rivers State, Nigeria

Using Molecular Techniques for the Characterization of Escherichia coli Isolated from Creek Road/Bonny Estuary in Rivers State, Nigeria

Prediction, Diversity, and Genomic Analysis of Temperate Phages Induced From Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Strains

Fecal pollution: new trends and challenges in microbial source tracking using next‐generation sequencing

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About