Contamination of Cryptosporidium spp. Oocysts in Raw Vegetables Produced in Koya City, Iraq

Ali, Huma; Mageed, Sarmad N.; Khaniki, Gholamreza Jahed; Shariatifar, Nabi; Yunesian, Masud; Rezaeian, Mostafa; Saleh, Kochar

doi:10.29252/jfqhc.5.3.89

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The quality of irrigation water was usually incriminated in the presence of waterborne parasites in fresh produce. Indeed, several studies found that the use of raw water in irrigation leads to contamination of vegetables with G. duodenalis (Amahmid et al ., 1999; Daryani et al ., 2008; Abougrain et al ., 2010; Amoros et al ., 2010; Shahnazi and Jafari-Sabet, 2010), and Cryptosporidium (Sleman Ali et al ., 2018) or both parasites (Amoros et al ., 2010). Another factor contributing to the contamination of crops with Cryptosporidium is the fertilization using manure from cattle and sheep, containing viable oocysts of Cryptosporidium (Moore et al ., 2007; Rzezutka et al ., 2010; Sleman Ali et al ., 2018), because oocysts can remain viable in manure for several months (Bukhari, 1995), and in soil for several weeks especially at low temperature (Nasser et al ., 2007).…”

Section: Literature Selection Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection methods and prevalence of transmission stages of Toxoplasma gondii, Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in fresh vegetables: a review

Berrouch

Escotte-Binet

Harrak³

et al. 2020

Parasitology

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One of the ways of human parasitic infection is the accidental ingestion of vegetables contaminated with parasites, which represents a major human health hazard. This non-exhaustive review aims to evaluate studies carried out on five types of vegetables (lettuce, parsley, coriander, carrot and radish) since 2000, particularly the methods used for recovery, concentration, detection and identification of protozoan parasites such as Toxoplasma gondii, Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp., and the results of each work. Various studies have determined the presence of pathogenic parasites in fresh vegetables with different rates; this variation in rate depends particularly on the detection method used which is related to each parasite and each vegetable type. The variation in parasitic prevalence in food could be due to different factors such as the geographical location, the size of analysed samples and the methods used for parasite detection.

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Section: Literature Selection Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection methods and prevalence of transmission stages of Toxoplasma gondii, Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in fresh vegetables: a review

Berrouch

Escotte-Binet

Harrak³

et al. 2020

Parasitology

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“…For instance, in Iraq, the average prevalence rate of Cryptosporidium in vegetables was 6.5%. Likewise, a study conducted in Korea detected Cryptosporidium spp.in various raw vegetables, including lettuce, perilla leaves, and watercress [105,106]. The main source of contamination for these vegetables is often the use of contaminated irrigation water during their cultivation in fields.…”

Section: Cryptosporidium Sppmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Significance and Parasitic Contamination of Vegetables: A Comprehensive Review

Dardona,

Amane,

Dardona

et al. 2023

EJNFS

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Vegetables are plants consumed whole or in parts. Furthermore, they have long been recognized as a significant source of sustenance. The current study reviews vegetables' nutritional attributes and health benefits. This paper also outlines the main parasites that cause vegetable contamination. Moreover, vegetable components, such as leaves, stems, roots, bulbs, seeds, and fruits, can be used to feed humans. In addition, they have relatively few calories to consume regularly. It also contains a lot of water and fiber. The World Health Organization advises consuming 400 grams of non-starchy veggies daily to enhance general health. Vegetables have an essential role in disease prevention and therapy. Their consumption lowers the risk of many cancers, regulates blood pressure and heart disease, avoids blocked arteries, fights obesity, improves cardiovascular health, improves skin health, and promotes digestive health. Nonetheless, vegetables are a major cause of foodborne diseases in both people and animals. It can, for example, constitute a route for the transmission of numerous parasites infections. For instance, they may be a route of transmission for various parasitic pathogens. Several investigations and study projects have documented the contamination of numerous kinds of vegetables with parasites that are liable for transmitting diseases, including Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium spp., Strongyloides spp., Ascaris lumbricoides, Enterobius vermicularis, Trichuris trichiura, Toxocara spp., Toxoplasma gondii, and plenty of others. Numerous hypotheses have been proposed to explain vegetable contamination with these parasites. Some of these include the use of contaminated water for irrigation, contamination from the soil, exposure to environmental factors like rain and wind, transmission by animals and insects acting as vectors for parasites, contamination during harvesting, processing, and storage, as well as during transportation of vegetables to markets. To mitigate these risks, it is crucial to enhance hygiene practices, promote education and awareness, and foster a clean culture. Additionally, using clean water and proper tools is recommended. Washing vegetables thoroughly before consumption reduces parasite-related infections.

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Extraction of the DNA of Giardia lamblia isolated from vegetables and fruits in a simplified way and its diagnosis using Nested-PCR

2022

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Contamination of Cryptosporidium spp. Oocysts in Raw Vegetables Produced in Koya City, Iraq

Abstract: HIGHLIGHTS  The average prevalence rate of Cryptosporidium was 6.5% in vegetables of Koya, Iraq.  Contamination rates were not related to vegetable types and also sampling seasons.  Serious control measures and training must be carried out in the studied area.

Cited by 5 publications

References 22 publications

Detection methods and prevalence of transmission stages of Toxoplasma gondii, Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in fresh vegetables: a review

Detection methods and prevalence of transmission stages of Toxoplasma gondii, Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in fresh vegetables: a review

Nutritional Significance and Parasitic Contamination of Vegetables: A Comprehensive Review

Extraction of the DNA of Giardia lamblia isolated from vegetables and fruits in a simplified way and its diagnosis using Nested-PCR

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