Contamination of raw milk with Bacillus cereus from farm to retail in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire and possible health implications

Abstract

In Africa, milk and dairy products play an important role in human nutrition but could represent a risk to human health, due to poor hygiene throughout the production chain. This study aimed firstly to assess the contamination of raw milk produced in traditional dairy farms in Abidjan with Bacillus cereus from farm to retail and secondly to assess the associated health risk for consumers in informal markets using a participatory approach. In total, 320 samples including 150 milk samples were collected in 15 purposively selected traditional dairy farms from four sites of Abidjan and analysed according to EN ISO 7932:2004 with slight modification. In addition, a survey was conducted in the three informal markets with 188 individuals who bought milk. B. cereus was found in 27% of the udder milk samples while 41% of the samples taken from seller's pooled milk contained B. cereus. Out of the 183 milk consumers, 14% reported daily consumption of unheated milk, indicating the high probability of exposure to B. cereus and other foodborne illnesses. After milk consumption, 13% of consumers reported that they contracted a foodborne illness. In conclusion, milk produced and sold in informal markets in Abidjan represents a risk

Occurrence and characterization of toxigenic Bacillus cereus in food and infant feces

“…The contamination of milk and other dairy products with B. cereus is a common problem due to its effect on the quality of the products and the potential health hazards of the presence of toxigenic strains [21]. In the current study, two out of seven raw milk samples were found to be contaminated with toxigenic B. cereus.…”

“…In the current study, two out of seven raw milk samples were found to be contaminated with toxigenic B. cereus. Other studies reported relatively high percentage of B. cereus contamination of raw milk [15,21,22]. The source of contamination of raw milk samples is probably the soil in the milking area, feed and bedding material could be as well potential sources of contamination [21,22] .…”

“…Other studies reported relatively high percentage of B. cereus contamination of raw milk [15,21,22]. The source of contamination of raw milk samples is probably the soil in the milking area, feed and bedding material could be as well potential sources of contamination [21,22] . In this study, raw milk samples were obtained from different farms, four out of seven samples were negative for Bacillus-like growth.…”

A Brief Discussion on Curdling Technology, Microbiological Risks and Contaminants of Fermented Milk Named Biisim Missiga

“…These pathogenic are responsible the damage on health of consumers and comes mainly from human, animals and environment (Edalati et al, 2019). Thus, Bacillus cereus, Campylobacter, Clostridium, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella and Staphylococcus are the pathogens frequently found in milk (Yobouet et al, 2014;Amenu et al, 2019). These microorganisms are the origin of food poisoning and digestive disorders.…”

A Review on Bacillus Cereus in Africa's Locally Produced Foods

“…It must be noted that the risk of food poisoning from street food remains a threat in many parts of the world, especially microbiological contamination. Bacillus cereus contamination of raw milk produced on traditional dairy farms in Abidjan (Ivory Coast) from farm to retail was estimated at 27% and 41% respectively, for the udder milk samples and from seller's pooled milk (Yobouet et al, 2013). Given the high degree of milk consumption, there is a risk of exposure to B. cereus and therefore the probability of food poisoning caused by this bacterium is high.…”