2021
DOI: 10.18502/ijpa.v16i2.6280
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Contamination of Soil and Vegetation with Developmental Forms of Parasites in the Area of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Abstract: Background: According to the WHO (2019), more than 1.5 billion people worldwide are infected with soil-transmitted parasites. Previous research in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FB&H) was mainly conducted in the area of the Sarajevo Canton. Therefore, the aim of the research was to explore contamination of soil and vegetation with developmental forms of parasites in the other cantons of FB&H. Methods: Between Apr and Oct 2018, a total of 1,618 soil and vegetation samples were taken fro… Show more

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“…This result was slightly different from a previous report where contamination was detected in 12.0% of the soil samples collected from schools in Sakon Nakhon Province [6] in the northeastern region and in 18.3% of the soil samples in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province [7] in the southern region. Our results revealed higher contamination rates than those in Iran (13.0%) [18], Sri Lanka (12.0%) [19], Poland (1.6%) [20], and Brazil (0.5%-8.3%) [12,21], but lower than those reported in Iran (18.0%-47.5%) [9,22,23], Malaysia (24%) [2], Poland (20.7%) [17], Russia (23.3%) [24], Brazil (27.3%-38.4%) [25,26], Greece (17.1%) [27], Peninsula (26.6%) [28], Portugal (63.2%) [29], Serbia (22.0%-26.0%) [30], Turkey (19.4%) [31], and Germany (23.2%) [32]. Toxocara spp.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…This result was slightly different from a previous report where contamination was detected in 12.0% of the soil samples collected from schools in Sakon Nakhon Province [6] in the northeastern region and in 18.3% of the soil samples in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province [7] in the southern region. Our results revealed higher contamination rates than those in Iran (13.0%) [18], Sri Lanka (12.0%) [19], Poland (1.6%) [20], and Brazil (0.5%-8.3%) [12,21], but lower than those reported in Iran (18.0%-47.5%) [9,22,23], Malaysia (24%) [2], Poland (20.7%) [17], Russia (23.3%) [24], Brazil (27.3%-38.4%) [25,26], Greece (17.1%) [27], Peninsula (26.6%) [28], Portugal (63.2%) [29], Serbia (22.0%-26.0%) [30], Turkey (19.4%) [31], and Germany (23.2%) [32]. Toxocara spp.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…It is important to highlight that soil is increasingly recognized as an important source of transmission of T. gondii ( Afonso et al, 2008 ; Escotte-Binet et al, 2019 ) and G. duodenalis ( Balderrama-Carmona et al, 2014 ; Lee et al, 2021 ; Omeragić et al, 2021 ; Paller et al, 2022 ) . However, detecting the presence and estimating the load of T. gondii in soil has been difficult given limitations in the availability of detection methods ( Shapiro et al, 2019a , Shapiro et al, 2019b ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%