Contamination profiles and potential health risks of organophosphate flame retardants in PM2.5 from Guangzhou and Taiyuan, China

Measurement report: Seasonal, distribution and sources of organophosphate esters in PM<sub>2.5</sub> from an inland urban city in southwest China

“…The concentrations of OPEs in the particles of Chengdu were comparable to that reported from Beijing (0.257 -8.36 ng m -3 ) (Wang et al, 2018), 6.6 ng m -3 (Σ 6 OPEs) for Shanghai urban site (Ren et al, 2016), 6.5 ng m -3 (Σ 6 OPEs) for Bursa, but higher than that in Houston, US (Σ 12 OPEs, 0.16 -2.4 ng m -3 ) (Moller et al, 2012), the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea (0.044 -0.52 ng m -3 ) (Li et al, 2017), South China Sea (0.047 -0.161 ng m -3 ) (Lai et al, 2015), North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans(0.035 -0.343 ng m -3 ) (Li et al, 2017). And lower than that in Guangzhou and Taiyuan (Σ 11 OPEs, 3.10 -544ng m -3 ) (Chen et al, 2020), in Bursa, Turkey (Σ 6 OPEs，0.53 -19.14 ng m -3 ) (Kurtkarakus et al, 2018), 20 industrial sites in an urban region (Σ 12 OPEs, 0.52 -62.75 ng m -3 ) in Guangzhou, China(Wang, T. et al, 2018). 15.0%) > TPhP (0.5 ng m -3 , 8.4%) > TEHP (0.3 ng m -3 , 5.1%) > TDCPP (0.3 ng m -3 , 4.3%), with the concentrations of TBEP being approximately 7 -10 times higher than those of TDCPP and TEHP.…”

“…Province. Chen et al (2020) found there was a significant correlation (p < 0.05) between the concentrations of Σ 11 OPEs and PM 2.5 in some sampling sites but not a site located in the urban region in Guangzhou with potential additional pollution sources.…”

“…Comparatively, weak correlations between most of OPEs were observed in urban regions (Wang et al, 2018) and Turkey (KurtKarakus et al, 2018). However, strong correlations between individual OPEs were found in Guangzhou and Taiyuan (Chen et al, 2020).…”

“…The boiling points of OPEs are relatively high, so they tend to be adsorbed in PM 2.5 after being released to the environment, and their gas-particle distribution determines their concentration in PM 2.5 . Interestingly, the vapor pressure of TBEP is lower than other OPEs, but its concentration in PM 2.5 was higher which indicated that there were sustained and stable high emission sources to keep its concentration at a high level which may include the traffic emission source (Chen et al, 2020).…”

Analysis on the Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Air Pollution and Its Impact on Human Health under the Noticeable Variation of Residents’ Travel Behavior: A Case of Guangzhou, China

“…Sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), as a common pollutant, is greatly harmful to living beings [ 9 ]. Nitrogen oxides (NO X ) and particulate matter have known harmful impacts on human health, such as causing damage to the respiratory and cardiovascular systems [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, tasteless and odorless gas that is poisonous to the human body [ 14 , 15 ].…”