Contemporary height, weight and body mass index references for children aged 0 to adulthood in Switzerland compared to the Prader reference, WHO and neighbouring countries

Eiholzer, Urs; Fritz, Chris; Katschnig, Claudia; Dinkelmann, Rolf; Stephan, Anika

doi:10.1080/03014460.2019.1677774

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The mean height-for-age of our participants was higher (mean z-score: 0.56, SD: 1.01) than the WHO references [28]. This confirms that children from the canton of Zurich are on average taller than the WHO reference population [34]. Previous studies reported a slightly higher age of peak height growth in Switzerland (13.9 years for males; 12.2 years for females) than the UK (13.6 years for males; 11.7 years for females), Canada (13.4 years for males; 11.8 years for females), and the United States (13 years for males, 11 years for females) [35][36][37].…”

Section: Comparison With Other Studiessupporting

confidence: 75%

Age and body mass index affect fit of spirometry Global Lung Function Initiative references in schoolchildren

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundReferences from the Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) are widely used to interpret children's spirometry results. We assessed fit for healthy schoolchildren.MethodsLuftiBus in the school (LUIS) is a population-based cross-sectional study done from 2013–2016 in the canton of Zurich, Switzerland. Parents and children aged 6–17 years answered questionnaires about respiratory symptoms and lifestyle. Children underwent spirometry in a mobile lung function lab. We calculated GLI-based z-scores for FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, and FEF25–75 for healthy White participants. We defined appropriate fit to GLI references by mean values between+0.5 and −0.5 z-scores. We assessed if fit varied by age, body mass index, height, and sex using linear regression models.ResultsWe analysed data from 2036 children with valid FEV1 measurements of which 1762 also had valid FVC measurements. The median age was 12.2 years. Fit was appropriate for children aged 6–11 years for all indices. In adolescents aged 12–17 years, fit was appropriate for FEV1/FVC (mean: −0.09; sd: 1.02) z-scores, but not for FEV1 (mean: −0.62; sd: 0.98), FVC (mean: −0.60; sd: 0.98), and FEF25–75 (mean: −0.54; sd: 1.02). FEV1, FVC, and FEF25–75 z-scores fitted better in children considered overweight (means: −0.25, −0.13, −0.38) than normal weight (means: −0.55, −0.50, −0.55; p-trend: <0.001, 0.014, <0.001). FEV1, FVC, and FEF25–75 z-scores depended on both age and height (p-interaction: 0.034, 0.019, <0.01).ConclusionGLI-based FEV1, FVC, and FEF25–75 z-scores do not fit White Swiss adolescents well. This should be considered when using reference equations for clinical decision making, research and international comparison.

show abstract

Section: Comparison With Other Studiessupporting

confidence: 75%

Age and body mass index affect fit of spirometry Global Lung Function Initiative references in schoolchildren

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These results are similar to the ones obtained in a study of body mass index charts in six different countries, where the biggest differences between countries were found in the highest percentiles (the ones corresponding to the categories of “overweight” and “obese”) (Cole et al, 2000). However, our results contrast other studies that compared the growth standards of Germany, Austria, and Switzerland to those of the WHO, which had differences of up to 4 cm in their P3 for height (Eiholzer et al, 2019). Both differences (in the higher and in the lower percentiles) are a problem, since a misdiagnosis of atypical growth could be done by pediatricians who usually become concerned when a child's growth falls below the 3rd or above the 97th percentiles.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Growth patterns of normo‐nourished Afghan, Haitian and Congolese children aged 6–59 months: A comparative study

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives International growth charts have been used in the past decades to identify atypical growth and diagnose the nutritional status of individuals. The aim of this study was to construct and compare growth patterns of normo‐nourished children between 6–59 months from Afghanistan, Haiti, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, to assess if it would be worth developing growth charts at a national level. Methods We used an international sample of 46 466 subjects (53.7% female; 46.3% male) from the aforementioned regions. To create the growth charts, we used different statistical methodologies: the Lambda‐Mu‐Sigma (LMS), LMSP, and LMST models, and regression models based on fractional polynomials. The LMSP models were the ones that fitted our data best and were therefore the ones used to make comparisons between countries using percentiles (3rd, 50th, and 97th). Results We found that Haitian children were both, taller and heavier than their Afghan and Congolese equals of the same ages. Moreover, differences were bigger in the highest percentiles (i.e., 97th percentile). These differences might be the result of the influence that genetics and diverse social and environmental contexts have on growth rates. Conclusions Using the same international reference standards for all populations could result in the overestimation or underestimation of the proportion of malnourished children. In light of our results, we recommend the future development of national and regional growth charts to provide health workers with more precise tools to evaluate the nutritional status in the child population.

show abstract

“…In contrast, we found a secular trend in DB decreasing by more than a third of a SDS every 10 years. Conversely, BMI data revealed a positive secular trend that is in line with previous studies investigating global trends (60) as well as changes in the Swiss population (57).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…An SDS of 0 refers to average performance, and positive and negative values refer to above-average and below-average performances, respectively. BMI was converted into SDS using Swiss reference values (57). The first step used ZLS-3 data to estimate secular changes with a linear mixed-effects model using longitudinal motor SDS as the dependent variable and age at the time of examination (categorized into three age groups: 7-8 years, 10-12 years, and 15-18 years), sex, SES, and the year of birth as predictors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secular trends in motor performance in Swiss children and adolescents from 1983 to 2018

Knaier

Chaouch

Caflisch

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionEnvironmental changes, including globalization, urbanization, social and cultural changes in society, and exposure to modern digital technology undoubtedly have an impact on children’s activity and lifestyle behavior. In fact, marked reductions in children’s physical activity levels have been reported over the years and sedentary behavior has increased around the world. The question arises whether these environmental changes had an impact on general motor performance in children and adolescents. The study aimed to investigate secular trends of motor performance in Swiss children and adolescents, aged between 7 and 18 years, over a period of 35 years from 1983 to 2018.MethodsLongitudinal data on the five motor components of the Zurich Neuromotor Assessment (ZNA) – pure motor (PM), fine motor (FM), dynamic balance (DB), static balance (SB), and contralateral associated movements (CAM) – were pooled with cross-sectional data on PM and FM from eight ZNA studies between 1983 and 2018. Regression models were used to estimate the effect of the year of birth on motor performance and body mass index (BMI) measurements. Models were adjusted for age, sex, and socioeconomic status.ResultsThe secular trend estimates in standard deviation scores (SDS) per 10 years were − 0.06 [−0.33; 0.22, 95% Confidence Interval] for PM, −0.11 [−0.41; 0.20] for FM, −0.38 [−0.66; −0.09] for DB (−0.42 when controlled for BMI), −0.21 [−0.47; 0.06] for SB, and − 0.01 [−0.32; 0.31] for CAM. The mean change in BMI data was positive with 0.30 SDS [0.07; 0.53] over 10 years.DiscussionDespite substantial societal changes since the 1980s, motor performance has remained relatively stable across generations. No secular trend was found in FM, PM, SB, and CAM over a period of 35 years. A secular trend in DB was present independent of the secular trend in body mass index.

show abstract

Contemporary height, weight and body mass index references for children aged 0 to adulthood in Switzerland compared to the Prader reference, WHO and neighbouring countries

Cited by 15 publications

References 29 publications

Age and body mass index affect fit of spirometry Global Lung Function Initiative references in schoolchildren

Age and body mass index affect fit of spirometry Global Lung Function Initiative references in schoolchildren

Growth patterns of normo‐nourished Afghan, Haitian and Congolese children aged 6–59 months: A comparative study

Secular trends in motor performance in Swiss children and adolescents from 1983 to 2018

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About