Context, Black Empowerment, and African American Political Participation

Spence, Lester K.; McClerking, Harwood K.

doi:10.1177/1532673x09360001

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…From this theoretical perspective, individual attitudes are modeled not only as a function of the identity of opposing players but also as a function of the context in which the game is played. Scholars have suggested a number of possible reasons for this, including the out-group becoming large enough to be politically (Spence and McClerking 2010) or economically (Bobo 1983) threatening, to stimulate stereotypes (Enos 2015), or to serve as a tool of demagoguery for elites (Posner 2004b).…”

Section: Mechanisms Linking Diversity and Social Inefficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Intergroup Behavioral Strategies as Contextually Determined: Experimental Evidence from Israel

Enos

Gidron

2016

The Journal of Politics

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Why are the negative effects of social diversity more pronounced in some places than in others? What are the mechanisms underlying the relationship between diversity and discriminatory behaviors, and why do they vary in prevalence and strength across locations? Experimental research has made advances in examining these questions by testing for differences in behavior when interacting with individuals from different groups. At the same time, research in American and comparative politics has demonstrated that attitudes toward other groups are a function of context. Uniting these two lines of research, we argue that discriminatory behaviors should be strongly conditioned by the ways in which groups are organized in space, allowing us to make predictions about the relationship between diversity, segregation, and intergroup behavior. We examine this claim in the context of intra-Jewish cleavage in Israel, using original data compiled through multisite lab-in-the-field experiments and survey responses collected across 20 locations. Ryan D. Enos (renos@gov.harvard.edu) is an associate professor of government at Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138. Noam Gidron (gidron @fas.harvard.edu) is a doctoral candidate in government at

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Section: Mechanisms Linking Diversity and Social Inefficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Intergroup Behavioral Strategies as Contextually Determined: Experimental Evidence from Israel

Enos

Gidron

2016

The Journal of Politics

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“…This implies that we, for instance following H2, would expect a Turk living in a Turkish‐dominated area to have a high propensity to turn out, whereas a Somali living in the same area would not be positively affected by the possibly strong Turkish network. It is, of course, likely that the concentration of immigrants in general could have an independent effect – for instance, by decreasing exposure to participation norms (a negative effect) or by inducing group conflict (a positive effect) (Fieldhouse and Cutts ; Spence and McClerking ). Consequently, this factor is included as a control in all models.…”

Section: Theory – Two Competing Explanationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also examine the influence of neighborhood‐level co‐ethnic candidates running in the election on the turnout of individual immigrants. Several studies have suggested that co‐ethnic or coracial candidates or elected officials may be able to mobilize particular groups to turn out (Bobo and Gilliam ; Spence and McClerking ). However, this literature has mainly focused on Black and Latino candidates or office holders in the United States, and the empirical results have been mixed, although with a tendency toward finding that coracial leaders have a positive effect (Barreto, Segura, and Woods ; Spence and McClerking ; Hayes et al.…”

Section: Theory – Two Competing Explanationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Residential Concentration on Voter Turnout among Ethnic Minorities

Bhatti¹,

Hansen

2016

International Migration Review

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Utilizing a large and unique dataset composed of government records, we study the widely contested effect of co‐ethnic residential concentrations on voter turnout. Non‐Western immigrants are moderately affected by the concentration of co‐ethnic voters in their neighborhoods. As the local concentration of same‐ethnicity voters increases, so does the individual's propensity to turn out for the election. In general, the concentration of non‐Western immigrants in the neighborhood has only a very limited impact on an immigrant's propensity to vote. Finally, we investigate the possible mobilizing effect of local candidates and, in particular, local co‐ethnic candidates on voter turnout. We find that the presence of candidates in general and co‐ethnic candidates running for office in a neighborhood has a moderate positive mobilization effect. However, taking this factor into account, the effect of residential concentrations was not eliminated.

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“…Symbolically, the collective resources of women could influence individual women through the psychological benefit experienced by members of marginalized groups from seeing members of their group socioeconomically thriving and in positions of power and authority. Such observations, according to theories developed in the Black empowerment literature (e.g., Spence and McClerking ) as well as in the gender and descriptive representation literature, involves the availability of positive role models (Campbell and Wolbrecht 2006), an erosion of the perceived hegemonic control of positions of power by the dominant group, and increases in the collective efficacy and self‐esteem of group members.…”

Section: Mass Belief In Meritocracy: Gender Resources and Empowermentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For a discussion of these concepts within the minority empowerment literature, see Spence and McClerking ().…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Breaking the Glass Ceiling: Local Gender‐Based Earnings Inequality and Women's Belief in the American Dream

Newman¹

2015

American J Political Sci

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This article ties together research on gender, income inequality, and political ideology, by exploring the effect of gender-based earnings inequality on women's belief in a fundamental tenet of the "American Dream"-meritocracy. Focusing on genderbased earnings inequality in women's local residential context, and drawing upon relative deprivation theory, this article argues that variation across local areas in the relative economic status of women should influence the ideological outlook of resident women. In contrast to relative deprivation theory, but consistent with rising expectations theory, I argue that ideological disillusionment should peak in contexts in which women's earnings fall closely behind men, and that ideological optimism should rebound in contexts in which women's earnings have achieved parity with that of men. Utilizing pooled survey data, I find strong evidence that individual women's belief in the American Dream varies according to whether local women's relative earnings indicate confrontation with or breaking of the "glass ceiling." CT 06269, (203) 251-9528 (benj.newman@uconn.edu). Data and replication materials are available at the AJPS Dataverse (http://thedata.harvard.edu/dvn/dv/ajps), doi:10.7910/DVN/29505. I would like to thank Jennifer Lawless for her encouragement of this research, Yamil R. Velez for his assistance in using QGIS, and the AJPS reviewers for helpful feedback and suggestions on prior versions of the article. on voter turnout (Galbraith and Hale 2008; Solt 2008) to the vital question of whether economic inequality leads to inequality in political representation and policymaking (Bartels 2008; Flavin 2012; Gilens 2012; Hayes 2013; Hacker and Pierson 2011).What has yet to be addressed by scholars in the field is the persisting inequality in earnings that exists between men and women throughout the nation, and the possible effect of gender-based earnings inequality on the political attitudes and behavior of American women. Indeed, extant work offers myriad theories and hypotheses concerning the impact that income inequality should have on the attitudes of citizens (e.g., Kelly and Enns 2010), and a sizeable body of research explores the effects of race-based economic inequality on the attitudes of African Americans (e.g., Gay 2006;Hochschild 1996; Kinders and Winter 2001). At present, however, no comparable theory or analyses exists for what we should expect, if anything, for the political reaction of women to gender gaps in earnings.One possible reason for this omission is that woman in the United States have made considerable absolute and relative gains in employment and earnings since the late

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Context, Black Empowerment, and African American Political Participation

Cited by 29 publications

References 27 publications

Intergroup Behavioral Strategies as Contextually Determined: Experimental Evidence from Israel

Intergroup Behavioral Strategies as Contextually Determined: Experimental Evidence from Israel

The Effect of Residential Concentration on Voter Turnout among Ethnic Minorities

Breaking the Glass Ceiling: Local Gender‐Based Earnings Inequality and Women's Belief in the American Dream

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