Contextual Cueing Effect Under Rapid Presentation

Xie, Xiaowei; Chen, Siyi; Zang, Xuelian

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.603520

Cited by 10 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…The idea that the global processing may cause the learning of task-irrelevant context under rapid presentation is also supported by a previous rapid presentation contextual cueing study (Xie et al, 2020). It revealed that the repeated local context only within a single quadrant containing the target, which was proved to be sufficient to generate contextual cueing effect with a long display presentation time (i.e., 8 s) in the study of Brady and Chun (2007), could hardly be acquired under the 300 ms rapid presentation condition (Xie et al, 2020). This suggests that global context should stay invariant to guide visual search under rapid presentation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Task-Irrelevant Context Learned Under Rapid Display Presentation: Selective Attention in Associative Blocking

Zang

Assumpção

et al. 2021

Front. Psychol.

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In the contextual cueing task, visual search is faster for targets embedded in invariant displays compared to targets found in variant displays. However, it has been repeatedly shown that participants do not learn repeated contexts when these are irrelevant to the task. One potential explanation lays in the idea of associative blocking, where salient cues (task-relevant old items) block the learning of invariant associations in the task-irrelevant subset of items. An alternative explanation is that the associative blocking rather hinders the allocation of attention to task-irrelevant subsets, but not the learning per se. The current work examined these two explanations. In two experiments, participants performed a visual search task under a rapid presentation condition (300 ms) in Experiment 1, or under a longer presentation condition (2,500 ms) in Experiment 2. In both experiments, the search items within both old and new displays were presented in two colors which defined the irrelevant and task-relevant items within each display. The participants were asked to search for the target in the relevant subset in the learning phase. In the transfer phase, the instructions were reversed and task-irrelevant items became task-relevant (and vice versa). In line with previous studies, the search of task-irrelevant subsets resulted in no cueing effect post-transfer in the longer presentation condition; however, a reliable cueing effect was generated by task-irrelevant subsets learned under the rapid presentation. These results demonstrate that under rapid display presentation, global attentional selection leads to global context learning. However, under a longer display presentation, global attention is blocked, leading to the exclusive learning of invariant relevant items in the learning session.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Task-Irrelevant Context Learned Under Rapid Display Presentation: Selective Attention in Associative Blocking

Zang

Assumpção

et al. 2021

Front. Psychol.

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“…Taken together, previous studies (Chen et al, 2020(Chen et al, , 2021a) investigating visual and tactile search in multisensory arrays consisting of visual and tactile items established that contextual cues available in one-distractor-modality can be utilized in the other-target-modality. Further, redundant contexts consisting of identically positioned visual and tactile elements can enhance visual learning of the relational position of the visual target item over and above that deriving from predictive visual contexts alone.…”

Section: Crossmodal Contextual Cueing Across Visual and Tactile Modal...mentioning

confidence: 58%

“…It is important to note that, in visuotactile studies of contextual cueing, the visual and tactile stimuli need to be collocated-which necessarily limits the number of (collocated) stimuli in the display. Nevertheless, previous work from our group has consistently shown reliable cueing effects using this multi-modal set-up (Chen et al, 2020(Chen et al, , 2021b(Chen et al, , 2022a, as well as with easy, "pop-out" visual search tasks (Geyer et al, 2010;Harris and Remington, 2017). Thus, by comparing contextual facilitation of RTs in tactile search with redundant, i.e., visual and tactile, distractor contexts vs. single, i.e., tactile-only, distractor contexts, we aimed to decide between the two alternative accounts (outlined above) of crossmodal contextual cueing in search tasks.…”

Section: Goals Of the Current Studymentioning

confidence: 63%

Statistical context learning in tactile search: Crossmodally redundant, visuo-tactile contexts fail to enhance contextual cueing

Chen

Shi²,

Vural³

et al. 2023

Front. Cognit.

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In search tasks, reaction times become faster when the target is repeatedly encountered at a fixed position within a consistent spatial arrangement of distractor items, compared to random arrangements. Such “contextual cueing” is also obtained when the predictive distractor context is provided by a non-target modality. Thus, in tactile search, finding a target defined by a deviant vibro-tactile pattern (delivered to one fingertip) from the patterns at other, distractor (fingertip) locations is facilitated not only when the configuration of tactile distractors is predictive of the target location, but also when a configuration of (collocated) visual distractors is predictive—where intramodal-tactile cueing is mediated by a somatotopic and crossmodal-visuotactile cueing by a spatiotopic reference frame. This raises the question of whether redundant multisensory, tactile-plus-visual contexts would enhance contextual cueing of tactile search over and above the level attained by unisensory contexts alone. To address this, we implemented a tactile search task in which, in 50% of the trials in a “multisensory” phase, the tactile target location was predicted by both the tactile and the visual distractor context; in the other 50%, as well as a “unisensory” phase, the target location was solely predicted by the tactile context. We observed no redundancy gains by multisensory-visuotactile contexts, compared to unisensory-tactile contexts. This argues that the reference frame for contextual learning is determined by the task-critical modality (somatotopic coordinates for tactile search). And whether redundant predictive contexts from another modality (vision) can enhance contextual cueing depends on the availability of the corresponding spatial (spatiotopic-visual to somatotopic-tactile) remapping routines.

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“…This implies a need for sufficient time to process the local context around the target during visual search, before this bi-directional effect can come into play. Interestingly, Xie et al (2020) demonstrated that only repeating local context does not yield the same contextual cueing effect as repeating the entire search array when presentation time is very short. This bi-directional learning would explain why different behavioral contextual cueing studies have found that local context is still linked to the global configuration (Brady & Chun, 2007; Y.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some have argued that only local context directly surrounding the target is learned, since repeating only such local context produced a similar effect to classical contextual cueing (Brady & Chun, 2007). However, this does not hold when presentation time is limited (Xie et al, 2020), and there has been evidence that distractor context unrelated to the target is also learned (Beesley et al, 2015a). The question thus remains whether local and/or global context is learned in contextual cueing (Goujon et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial predictive context speeds up visual search by biasing local attentional competition

Bouwkamp¹,

Lange

Spaak³

2023

Preprint

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The human visual system is equipped to rapidly and implicitly learn and exploit the statistical regularities in our environment. Within visual search, contextual cueing demonstrates how implicit knowledge of scenes can improve search performance. This is commonly interpreted as spatial context in the scenes becoming predictive of the target location, which leads to a more efficient guidance of attention during search. However, what drives this enhanced guidance is unknown. First, it is unclear whether improved attentional guidance is enabled by target enhancement or distractor suppression. Second, it is unknown whether the entire scene (global context) or more local drives this phenomenon. In the present MEG experiment, we leveraged Rapid Invisible Frequency Tagging (RIFT) to answer these two outstanding questions. We found that the improved performance when searching implicitly familiar scenes was accompanied by a stronger neural representation of the target stimulus, at the cost specifically of those distractors directly surrounding the target. Crucially, this biasing of local attentional competition was behaviorally relevant when searching familiar scenes, indicating that it is the local, and not global, spatial context that is modulated, culminating in a search advantage for familiar scenes. Taken together, we conclude that implicitly learned spatial predictive context improves how we search our environment by sharpening the attentional field.

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Contextual Cueing Effect Under Rapid Presentation

Cited by 10 publications

References 50 publications

Task-Irrelevant Context Learned Under Rapid Display Presentation: Selective Attention in Associative Blocking

Task-Irrelevant Context Learned Under Rapid Display Presentation: Selective Attention in Associative Blocking

Statistical context learning in tactile search: Crossmodally redundant, visuo-tactile contexts fail to enhance contextual cueing

Spatial predictive context speeds up visual search by biasing local attentional competition

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