Contextualizing range and depth in Indian English

D’souza, Jean

doi:10.1111/1467-971x.00206

Cited by 34 publications

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“…English has permeated the Indian ethos and is seen in the regular use of English expressions in Indian languages, as is well demonstrated by D’souza (2001). We are concerned here with the nature of English as it is used in India and how Indian languages shape it.…”

Section: Words: Lexis Morphology and Word‐formationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Indian English: Features and Sociolinguistic Aspects

Sailaja

2012

Language and Linguist. Compass

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Indian English has been the subject of study since colonial times, with several works written over the years describing its linguistic features. Considerable attention has been paid to the lexis, morphology and syntactic constructions, as also the sound system. Yet, the investigation is far from over, nor is there agreement on issues. Recent work has moved in the direction of corpus‐based studies, enabling the establishment of tendencies and grammaticalised forms in a quantified manner. Acoustic phonetic studies are increasingly the norm. These empirically verified conclusions either negate or confirm earlier intuition‐based and impressionistic descriptions. Together, these works help to establish what makes up the national variety, the standard and variation. Two theoretical debates emerge in this scenario. The first is the nature and extent of substrate influence and its intersection with L2 universals. The second is a debate on the phase to which Indian English belongs in Schneider’s dynamic model of evolution for New Englishes: phase 3 of nativisation or phase 4 of endonormative stabilisation.

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Section: Words: Lexis Morphology and Word‐formationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Indian English: Features and Sociolinguistic Aspects

Sailaja

2012

Language and Linguist. Compass

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“…English also remains a unique linguistic marker of elite access, class divisions, power asymmetries, and exogenous culture in the nation (Dasgupta 1993; Krishnaswami and Burde 1998). Fishman (1967) considers English in India to be a case of diglossia without bilingualism, arguing that access to English is reserved for urban elites; at present, English use has spread somewhat more broadly across domains of use (D’Souza 2001), and one might argue that English in some parts of India is moving towards diglossia with bilingualism. Individuals are tied into personal networks based in local languages, but their participation in English‐based domains comprised of other bilingual speakers, such as government or higher education, allows shared divergences to stabilize and persist.…”

Section: The Study Of Non‐native Varieties Of Englishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dialect stabilization and speaker awareness in non‐native varieties of English¹

Sharma

2005

Journal of Sociolinguistics

127

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Research on indigenized non-native varieties of English has aimed to distinguish these varieties from individual second language learning in structural and social terms (B. Kachru 1983;Platt, Weber and Ho 1984; Cheshire 1991); however, quantitative evidence of this divergence remains scarce. Through an analysis of a range of Indian English speakers in a contact situation in the United States, this study distinguishes developing dialect features from second language learning features and explores the concomitant emergence of dialect consciousness. First, an implicational analysis shows that some non-standard variables (past marking, copulause, agreement) exhibit a second language learning cline while others (articles) form a more stable, incipient non-standard system shared to some extent by all speakers; a multivariate analysis suggests that both sets of variables are governed by proficiency levels. Next, the explanatory scope of proficiency is assessed by examining the use of selected phonological variants (rhoticity, l-velarization, aspiration). The use of these features resembles native-like style-shifting, as it appears to be more sensitive to speakers' attitudinal stances than to proficiency levels. This points to the importance of understanding emerging speaker awareness and perceptions of stigma, risk, and value in new varieties of English.

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“…What began as Braj Kachru's (, ) examination of the bilingual's creativity in the context of contact literatures in English in 1983, and the processes of pragmatic and discoursal nativization and stylistic innovations exhibited in the literary works of Chinua Achebe, Amos Tutuola, and Raja Rao led to serious study in the literary creativity of world Englishes, and the contact between English and new cultural contexts. Illustrating the bilingual's creativity through the literary experimentation by writers of the ‘new literatures’ in the Outer Circle opened up discussions on multicanonicity and literary creativity: nativization of context, cohesion, and rhetorical strategies; postcolonial literature and world fiction (Bolton, ); transcreation of culturally embedded speech functions in African English, Indian English, and Southeast Asian English literatures (Bokamba, , ; Thumboo, ); textual competence and interpretation (Nelson, , ); speech acts in world English fiction (D'souza, , ; Y. Kachru, ; Nelson, ; Valentine, , ); speech acts in discourse (Y. Kachru, , , ; Pandharipande, ; Sridhar, ; Valentine, , ), and the (re)construction of gender identity (Valentine, , ).…”

Section: Socially Realistic Nature Of World Englishes: Acts Of Creatimentioning

confidence: 99%

The functional and pragmatic contexts of world Englishes

Valentine

2019

World Englishes

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Drawing on the concepts of the 'context of situation' of J. R. Firth and the Hallidayan meaning of 'linguistic performance' , the early works of Braj Kachru presented a sociologically oriented linguistic model to the study of Indian English. Giving Indianness 'functional relevance and formal "manifestation"' , Kachru laid the foundation for contextualizing world Englishes within a sociolinguistic framework. This paper revisits the early cultural wars of language, and Kachru's efforts to explain language variation in the multilingual, multicultural contexts of English around the world within the scope of 'pragmatism and linguistic realism' (Kachru, 1986, p. 32). This paper examines the research, studies and insights of scholars who have contributed to furthering the functional and pragmatic contexts in which world Englishes are used. CULTURAL AND CANONICAL WARSOn this occasion we remember the cultural warrior Braj B. Kachru, an influential figure whose lifetime academic undertaking was dedicated to the study of the growth and spread of English as a world language and to battling the linguistic establishment and defending the legitimacy of the new English varieties, their systematicity and their non-native norms. Spanning decades, Kachru worked tirelessly to dismantle the dominant ideological linguistic notion of one English and one native speaker, and questioned the sacred linguistic cows associated with the native speaker as the only 'true and reliable' speaker (Davies, 2013;Ferguson, 1983). He replaced the premise of a single, monolingual ideal speaker norm of language with the pragmatic model of 'liberation linguistics' that advocated for pluralism and inclusivity (Hilgendorf, 2015(Hilgendorf, , 2018. Condemning the straitened linguistic attitudes and assumptions of 'purism' , 'intolerance' , 'monocentrism' , 'ethnocentrism' , 'cultural colonialism' and prescriptivism shared by Clifford Prator, Randolph Quirk, and others associated with the British group, Kachru argued for a pragmatically realistic view of language in the English speaking world-a perspective that took into account formal and functional variation, cultural appropriateness, the sociolinguistic context, and the context of situation (1976, 1981a, 1982a, 1986, 1991). Kachru supplanted the attitudinal sins of Clifford Prator (1968) and countered the linguistic deficit ideology of Randolph Quirk (1985) with the realistic vision of a pragmatic understanding of English in the sociolinguistic non-native contexts of multilingual, heterogeneous societies of the world. VALENTINE Kachru transformed the linguistic landscape by repugning the 'single, monochrome standard form' and the idealization of the chosen 'standard English' , and critically challenged the fixed mindset of the native English-speaking critics who bestowed unwarranted homage on the native speaker. Kachru attributed such linguistic intolerance to the 'native-speaker syndrome' , the lack of 'awareness of the sociolinguistic, pragmatic, and historical realities of the spread of English' and the...

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Contextualizing range and depth in Indian English

Cited by 34 publications

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Indian English: Features and Sociolinguistic Aspects

Indian English: Features and Sociolinguistic Aspects

Dialect stabilization and speaker awareness in non‐native varieties of English¹

The functional and pragmatic contexts of world Englishes

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Contextualizing range and depth in Indian English

Cited by 34 publications

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Indian English: Features and Sociolinguistic Aspects

Indian English: Features and Sociolinguistic Aspects

Dialect stabilization and speaker awareness in non‐native varieties of English1

The functional and pragmatic contexts of world Englishes

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Dialect stabilization and speaker awareness in non‐native varieties of English¹