Continuous and complete conversion of high concentration p‐nitrophenol in a flow‐through membrane reactor

Abstract

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Flexible hierarchical Pd/SiO2-TiO2 nanofibrous catalytic membrane for complete and continuous reduction of p-nitrophenol

“…The intensity of TiO 2 diffraction peaks of the Pd/SiO 2 -TiO 2 -0.2 membrane is the greatest, which may be attributed to higher crystallinity and greater growth density of TiO 2 on the membrane under the conditions [29]. There are no characteristic diffraction peaks of metal Pd nanoparticles in the XRD patterns, which can be due to the small size and high dispersion of Pd nanoparticles [13].…”

“…More importantly, PAP plays an important role in the preparation of several drugs (e.g. paracetamol and phenacetin) in modern medicine industry and does little harm to the surroundings [13,14]. Therefore, complete reduction of PNP to PAP via catalysis is a feasible strategy to kill two birds with one stone.…”

“…Catalytic membranes prepared via anchoring the catalytic active components on the membrane surface or/and in the membrane pores can provide an efficient solution for the above problems [17]. Furthermore, the PNP reduction can be carried out in a flow through mode, which can dramatically strengthen the mass transfer and completely reduce PNP to PAP [13,18]. Our group has developed sheet and tubular ceramic catalytic membranes for stable and efficient PNP reduction in flow through membrane reactors [13,18,19].…”

“…Furthermore, the PNP reduction can be carried out in a flow through mode, which can dramatically strengthen the mass transfer and completely reduce PNP to PAP [13,18]. Our group has developed sheet and tubular ceramic catalytic membranes for stable and efficient PNP reduction in flow through membrane reactors [13,18,19]. Moreover, the surface modification of the ceramic membranes with functional groups and oxides can significantly improve the Pd content and the interaction between the Pd nanoparticles and ceramic membranes, and then enhance the catalytic activity and stability of the catalytic membranes [13,19,20].…”

“…Our group has developed sheet and tubular ceramic catalytic membranes for stable and efficient PNP reduction in flow through membrane reactors [13,18,19]. Moreover, the surface modification of the ceramic membranes with functional groups and oxides can significantly improve the Pd content and the interaction between the Pd nanoparticles and ceramic membranes, and then enhance the catalytic activity and stability of the catalytic membranes [13,19,20]. Nevertheless, the current ceramic membranes have some disadvantages, such as low porosity, high mass transfer resistance and small surface area per unit volume, limiting the practical applications of the ceramic catalytic membranes.…”