Continuous Flow System Using Polymer‐Supported Chiral Catalysts

Supported ionic liquid-like phases as organocatalysts for the solvent-free cyanosilylation of carbonyl compounds: from batch to continuous flow process

“…Table 3 summarises the results obtained for the three miniflow reactors prepared with SILLPs presenting similar functional loadings but different polymer morphologies. Although previous studies from different groups, including our own results, have revealed that monolithic flow-through reactors can provide, in some instances, significantly better performances; 13,21,25 in this case, the fix-bed reactors prepared from polymeric beads delivered the most efficient system. No significant differences were observed between the gel-type and macroporous catalysts with a maximum productivity of 43-45 g of 16 per g cat h −1 .…”

“…Indeed, both reagents and catalysts based on gel-type resin have been successfully used for different C-C bond formation reactions. 25,26 However, it should be taken into account that these polymers only swell in certain solvents. In the absence of a good swelling, intraparticle diffusion of the Fig.…”

Synthesis of chiral iridium complexes immobilized on amphiphilic polymers and their application to asymmetric catalysis

“…The highest enantioselectivity (95% ee) with a high yield of the product (95%) at room temperature was obtained by using 4l, which contains quaternary ammonium sulfonate side chain structures (entry 16). The same enantioselectivity was obtained by using 4p and 4q, which possess quaternary phosphonium sulfonate pendant groups in the side chains of the polymer support (entries 20,21). With these polymeric catalysts (4p, 4q), the isolated yields of the product were slightly diminished because of their high viscosity.…”

Strong Cation Exchange with Innocence: Synthesis and Characterization of Borate Containing Resins and Macroporous Monoliths

“…Moreover, most of large-scale processes based on IESC are still performed using conventional batch methods, with serious limitations from an environmental and economic point of view . Hence, the adoption of catalytic technologies under continuous flow may represent an excellent alternative due to the considerable benefits in terms of efficiency, work-up, safety, waste emission, automation, space, and energy consumption . Particularly, use of monolithic reactors may be extremely helpful because of the improved mass and heat transfer, lower pressure drop, and uniform residence times distribution, compared to conventional packed-bed systems. , Organic polymers were the first used to produce monoliths for application to flow synthesis of fine chemicals via catalyst immobilization on the laboratory scale. , Problems to be solved in the field concern chemical stability, shrinking phenomena, and back-pressure evolution at high flow rate due to limited porosity of polymer-based monoliths …”