Continuous irradiation with a 633-nm light-emitting diode exerts an anti-aging effect on human skin cells

Abstract

Abstract. Accumulating evidence has indicated that the light source emitted from light-emitting diode (LED) has a potential anti-aging effect on human skin. Studies using single and interval LED irradiation have documented such effects; however, to the best of our knowledge, the anti-aging effects of continuous LED irradiation have not yet been investigated. In the present study, we demonstrated that continuous irradiation with a 633±3-nm LED exerted anti-aging effects in both in vitro and ex vivo experiments. More specifically, irradiation with a 633-nm LED for 2 days increased the synthesis of type 1 procollagen and decreased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)1 and MMP2 in skin fibroblasts. In addition, irradiation with a 633-nm LED decreased the expression levels of inflammatory genes, such has cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and interleukin-1-α (IL-1α) in keratinocytes. Furthermore, a 14-day LED irradiation moderately increased keratinocyte proliferation. Using human skin explants, we confirmed the safety of this 633-nm LED irradiation, which resulted in unaltered morphology and allergy-free potential in human tissue. Overall, these data provide insight into the anti-aging effects of continuous LED irradiation on human skin.

Attenuation of UVB-Induced Photo-Aging by Polyphenolic-Rich Spatholobus Suberectus Stem Extract Via Modulation of MAPK/AP-1/MMPs Signaling in Human Keratinocytes

“…Type I collagen, which constitutes about 80 to 90% of the skin, is mainly controlled by MMP-1 (type I collagenase) and MMP-3 (stromelysin-1), whereas MMP-2 (gelatinase-A) and MMP-9 (gelatinase-B) degrade gelatin; moreover MMP-2, MMP-7 (matrilysin-1), and MMP-12 (metalloelastase) degrade elastin [8]. Not only in response to UVB, UVA and blue light, the level of MMPs in the skin is highly up-regulated [3,4,9,10], therefore, the prevention of UVB-induced up-regulation of MMPs is one of the target pathways to inhibit wrinkle formation and prevent skin aging.…”

Combination of Natural Extracts and Photobiomodulation in Keratinocytes Subjected to UVA Radiation

“…When using red LED (633 nm), Kim et al . showed an increase in Type I procollagen, a reduction in metalloproteinases (MMP‐1 and MMP‐2) and reduced expression of inflammatory genes (COX‐2 and IL‐1). However, it must be stated that the radiant exposure values that caused these effects were in the order of 4–12 J cm −2 , and the irradiance that was used was very low (5 and 47.5 μW cm −2 ) and required between 24 and 72 h of illumination, which would not be feasible in a clinical protocol.…”

“…As Zhang et al (13) verified, there was direct regulation of the specific genes that were related to cell synthesis, repair and metabolism when normal fibroblasts were subjected to red LED (628 nm) for 3 days, at a total dose of 0.88 J cm À2 . When using red LED (633 nm), Kim et al (16) showed an increase in Type I procollagen, a reduction in metalloproteinases (MMP-1 and MMP-2) and reduced expression of inflammatory genes (COX-2 and IL-1). However, it must be stated that the radiant exposure values that caused these effects were in the order of 4-12 J cm À2 , and the irradiance that was used was very low (5 and 47.5 lW cm À2 ) and required between 24 and 72 h of illumination, which would not be feasible in a clinical protocol.…”

“…Another therapeutic form that can be used to reduce the effects of photoaging is photobiomodulation (PBM), which can be defined as the action exerted by light that stimulates various cellular functions through bioenergetic, bioelectrical and biochemical modifications . There have been reports of the use of a red LED on photoaged skin . These reports have observed moderate wrinkle reduction, improved skin texture, stimulation of collagen and elastin synthesis, increased skin elasticity and inhibition of metalloproteinase activity.…”

Synergistic effects of using novel home‐use 660‐ and 850‐nm light‐emitting diode mask in combination with hyaluronic acid ampoule on photoaged Asian skin: A prospective, controlled study

“…promotion of wound healing, treatment of acne, and promotion of anti-aging effect. 1 Recently, the demand in home-use devices has increased, and using them has become a trend in nonmedical fields. Most homeuse devices are low-powered and can be bought over the counter, that is, even without any medical prescription.…”