Continuous synthesis of tetraalkylammonium‐Based ethyl sulphate ionic liquid and its kinetic study in microreactors

Abstract

A tetraalkylammonium‐based ionic liquid (IL) was synthesized with diethyl sulphate and triethylamine in a capillary microreactor. Solvent‐free conditions coupled with microreactor technology greatly simplified the IL construction process. Optimization of process parameters (e.g., temperature, residence time, and inner diameter of capillary) was performed, and the maximum yield was 94% with the residence time of 300 s at 90°C. Interestingly, the obtained product could exist as a molten salt with low viscosity at a low melting point of 24.1°C. Key dimensionless groups such as Pe, Bo, and DaII numbers were calculated to account for the mass transport phenomena and reaction performance in this IL synthesis or to validate the reliability of the corresponding reaction kinetics study. Based on fast heat and mass transfer rates provided by the microreactor, intrinsic reaction kinetics could be obtained. Moreover, gold (III) extraction was remarkably improved by the application of the synthesized IL. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 65: 1245–1255, 2019

A UV‐LEDs based photomicroreactor for mechanistic insights and kinetic studies in the norbornadiene photoisomerization

“…If there were side reactions which are common in many chemical transformations, the treatment of kinetic model would be more complex, which may be relevant to solving the group of ordinary differentiate equations . For reaction kinetic models with single ordinary differentiate equations, there are mainly two methods, including integration and differentiation, to determine kinetic parameters . When the conversion of reactants is relatively high, the integration method is well suitable to deal with experimental data .…”

“…[48][49][50] For reaction kinetic models with single ordinary differentiate equations, there are mainly two methods, including integration and differentiation, to determine kinetic parameters. 51 When the conversion of reactants is relatively high, the integration method is well suitable to deal with experimental data. 52 As can be seen from Equation 30, the photochemical isomerization of NBD to QC is the first order with respect to NBD, so the reaction rate can be integrated as Equation (32).…”

Continuous Extraction of Gold(III) Using Pyridine Ionic Liquid-Based Water-in-Oil Microemulsion in Microreactors

“…An UV−vis spectrophotometer (UV-1800, Shimadzu, Japan, 190−1100 nm) was used to measure the concentration of gold(III) in the aqueous solution at 551 nm wavelength. 29 The FT-IR spectra were recorded by a Nicolet 470 FT-IR spectrometer (Spotlight 100, PerkinElmer co, United States, 7800−350 cm −1 ) for analyzing the structures of compounds. A high-speed CCD camera (PhantomLab110− 12G, United States) installed with a stereo microscope (Olympus, SZ2-CLS, Japan) was used for capturing snapshots of slug or droplet flow inside the capillary microreactor.…”

“…An UV–vis spectrophotometer (UV-1800, Shimadzu, Japan, 190–1100 nm) was used to measure the concentration of gold­(III) in the aqueous solution at 551 nm wavelength . The FT-IR spectra were recorded by a Nicolet 470 FT-IR spectrometer (Spotlight 100, PerkinElmer co, United States, 7800–350 cm –1 ) for analyzing the structures of compounds.…”

Mechanism and kinetic study for the intensification of two‐step synthesis of a dolutegravir intermediate in microreactor

“…As a result, microreactors can meet the demands of isothermal conditions, 14 well‐controlled reaction selectivity, 15 short residence time, 16 and enhanced safety of plenty of reaction processes, 17 which are also used as the satisfying tools for kinetic measurements 18 . Microreactor technology as a strong process intensification platform has been developed rapidly in recent decades 19 . Microreactors have been widely applied in continuous synthesis of functional materials 20 and fine chemical products 21 .…”