Continuous Water Vapor Profiles from Operational Ground—Based Active and Passive Remote Sensors

Turner, David D.; Feltz, Wayne F.; Ferrare, R. A.

doi:10.1175/1520-0477(2000)081<1301:cwbpfo>2.3.co;2

Cited by 67 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The averaged radiance over 750-1200 cm −1 increases from 4.4 to 21.6 mW/(m 2 sr cm −1 ) and the brightness temperature increases 44 %. Measurements made by an AERI instrument at the Southern Great Plains Cloud and Radiation Testbed show considerably smaller increases (typically an increase from ∼10 to ∼30 mW/(m 2 sr cm −1 ) averaged over 750-1200 cm −1 ) in the presence of similarly thick clouds (Turner et al, 2000), while previous measurements in the high Arctic taken at the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) show increases similar or larger to those made by the E-AERI in Eureka (typically >40 % increase in brightness temperature averaged over 750-1200 cm −1 ) (Turner, 2005). Thus the impact of clouds on the radiation budget is greater in the Arctic than in other more humid regions due to the extremely cold and dry Arctic air and hence to the main atmospheric window being more transparent.…”

Section: Impact Of Clouds On the Radiation Budgetmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infrared measurements in the Arctic using two Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometers

et al. 2012

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The Extended-range Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (E-AERI) is a moderate resolution (1 cm−1) Fourier transform infrared spectrometer for measuring the absolute downwelling infrared spectral radiance from the atmosphere between 400 and 3000 cm−1. The extended spectral range of the instrument permits monitoring of the 400–550 cm−1 (20–25 μm) region, where most of the infrared surface cooling currently occurs in the dry air of the Arctic. Spectra from the E-AERI have the potential to provide information about radiative balance, trace gases, and cloud properties in the Canadian high Arctic. Calibration, performance evaluation, and certification of the E-AERI were performed at the University of Wisconsin Space Science and Engineering Centre from September to October 2008. The instrument was then installed at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL) Ridge Lab (610 m altitude) at Eureka, Nunavut, in October 2008, where it acquired one year of data. Measurements are taken every seven minutes year-round, including polar night when the solar-viewing spectrometers at PEARL are not operated. A similar instrument, the University of Idaho's Polar AERI (P-AERI), was installed at the Zero-altitude PEARL Auxiliary Laboratory (0PAL), 15 km away from the PEARL Ridge Lab, from March 2006 to June 2009. During the period of overlap, these two instruments provided calibrated radiance measurements from two altitudes. A fast line-by-line radiative transfer model is used to simulate the downwelling radiance at both altitudes; the largest differences (simulation-measurement) occur in spectral regions strongly influenced by atmospheric temperature and/or water vapour. The two AERI instruments at close proximity but located at two different altitudes are well-suited for investigating cloud forcing. As an example, it is shown that a thin, low ice cloud resulted in a 6% increase in irradiance. The presence of clouds creates a large surface radiative forcing in the Arctic, particularly in the 750–1200 cm−1 region where the downwelling radiance is several times greater than clear-sky radiances, which is significantly larger than in other more humid regions

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Section: Impact Of Clouds On the Radiation Budgetmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, temperature and humidity profiles of the planetary boundary layer can be retrieved from AERI and E-AERI spectra, as demonstrated in Feltz et al (1998), , and Turner et al (2000). This allows for high-temporalresolution records and analyses of temperature and water vapour changes due to mesoscale meteorological features.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared measurements in the Arctic using two Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometers

et al. 2012

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“…The first two error sources are widely discussed in the literature (e.g. Nash et al, 2011;Ferrare et al, 1995;Turner et al, 2000Turner et al, , 2002Evans et al, 2000;Leblanc et al, 2012) and, as shown in (Turner et al, 2002), the existing reference instruments and calibration methods allow for achieving uncertainty on the order of 5 %. The systematic errors caused by the instrument design are much less discussed and usually correction functions are applied to reduce their magnitude (e.g.…”

Section: Error Budgetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman Lidar for Meteorological Observations, RALMO – Part 1: Instrument description

et al. 2013

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Abstract.A new Raman lidar for unattended, round-theclock measurement of vertical water vapor profiles for operational use by the MeteoSwiss has been developed during the past years by the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne. The lidar uses narrow field-of-view, narrowband configuration, a UV laser, and four 30 cm in diameter mirrors, fiber-coupled to a grating polychromator. The optical design allows water vapor retrieval from the incomplete overlap region without instrument-specific rangedependent corrections. The daytime vertical range covers the mid-troposphere, whereas the nighttime range extends to the tropopause. The near range coverage is extended down to 100 m AGL by the use of an additional fiber in one of the telescopes. This paper describes the system layout and technical realization. Day-and nighttime lidar profiles compared to Vaisala RS92 and Snow White ® profiles and a six-day continuous observation are presented as an illustration of the lidar measurement capability.

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“…In addition, RH measurements are frequently used for evaluation studies aiming to predict the formation of clouds (Heerwaarden and Arellano, 2008) and aircraft contrails (Radel and Shine, 2007). No less important are the significant uncertainties in the estimation of global climate change parameters using climate modeling (Schneider et al, 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…One step forward in RH vertical profiling without the technological improvement of sensors is to use synergistic approaches, as proposed by Turner et al (2000). This study presented the synergistic retrieval of RH based on a Raman lidar-retrieved water vapor mixing ratio and temperature profiles from the AERI instrument.…”

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Relative humidity vertical profiling using lidar-based synergistic methods in the framework of the Hygra-CD campaign

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Accurate continuous measurements of relative humidity (RH) vertical profiles in the lower troposphere have become a significant scientific challenge. In recent years a synergy of various ground-based remote sensing instruments have been successfully used for RH vertical profiling, which has resulted in the improvement of spatial resolution and, in some cases, of the accuracy of the measurement. Some studies have also suggested the use of highresolution model simulations as input datasets into RH vertical profiling techniques. In this paper we apply two synergetic methods for RH profiling, including the synergy of lidar with a microwave radiometer and high-resolution atmospheric modeling. The two methods are employed for RH retrieval between 100 and 6000 m with increased spatial resolution, based on datasets from the HygrA-CD (Hygroscopic Aerosols to Cloud Droplets) campaign conducted in Athens, Greece from May to June 2014. RH profiles from synergetic methods are then compared with those retrieved using single instruments or as simulated by high-resolution models. Our proposed technique for RH profiling provides improved statistical agreement with reference to radiosoundings by 27 % when the lidar-radiometer (in comparison with radiometer measurements) approach is used and by 15 % when a lidar model is used (in comparison with WRF-model simulations). Mean uncertainty of RH due to temperature bias in RH profiling was ∼ 4.34 % for the lidar-radiometer and ∼ 1.22 % for the lidar-model methods. However, maximum uncertainty in RH retrievals due to temperature bias showed that lidar-model method is more reliable at heights greater than 2000 m. Overall, our results have demonstrated the capability of both combined methods for daytime measurements in heights between 100 and 6000 m when lidar-radiometer or lidar-WRF combined datasets are available.

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Continuous Water Vapor Profiles from Operational Ground—Based Active and Passive Remote Sensors

Cited by 67 publications

References 19 publications

Infrared measurements in the Arctic using two Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometers

Infrared measurements in the Arctic using two Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometers

Raman Lidar for Meteorological Observations, RALMO – Part 1: Instrument description

Relative humidity vertical profiling using lidar-based synergistic methods in the framework of the Hygra-CD campaign

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