Continuous‐wave chemical laser

Spencer, Donald; Jacobs, T. A.; Mirels, Harold; Gross, Rolf W. F.

doi:10.1002/kin.550010510

Cited by 86 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…While the first HF lasers were pulse initiated (Basov et Spencer et al 1969). Over the past 35 years, the development of HF laser technology has advanced to the point where multi-megawatt lasers can be constructed (Hecht 1993).…”

Section: History Of Hf Lasersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatially resolved sub-Doppler overtone gain measurements on a small-scale supersonic HF laser

et al. 2004

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Public reporting burden for this collection of information te Bstimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information. The overtone gain of a small-scale HF laser was measured using a sub-Doppler tunable diode laser system. Two-dimensional spatially resolved small signal gain and temperature maps were generated, which show a highly inhomogeneous gain medium indicating the dominant role that mixing of the fuel and oxidizer streams has in HF laser performance. The measured gain and temperature data were analyzed with the aid of a two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics code. To reduce uncertainty of important modeling input parameters, novel measurements of reactant concentration, flow velocity and gain length were made. Results show that reactant mixing mechanisms such as turbulence and large-scale vortex structures have a large effect on the gain averaged over a vertical profile while kinetic rate mechanisms such as reaction rate constants and reactant concentration have a greater effect on the maximum system gain. Overtone gain data measured while operating the laser saturated on the fundamental transitions are compared with fundamental lasing output spectra. In all cases, the data are consistent with an equilibrium rotational distribution.

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Section: History Of Hf Lasersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatially resolved sub-Doppler overtone gain measurements on a small-scale supersonic HF laser

et al. 2004

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“…Because of the vibrational population inversion generated by the chain reaction of equations 2b and 2c, lasing has been obtained on a pulsed basis [9]. The continuous chemical laser of [5] is based on the reaction given by equation 2b. A description of this laser and its performance is presented in the following sections.…”

Section: Theoretical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A continuous HF chemical laser was successfully demonstrated in May 1969 [5]. Inversion was achieved by the diffusion of H2 into a supersonic free-jet containing F atoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Initial performance of a CW chemical laser

1970

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The performance of a continuous HF chemical laser is presented in this paper. Population inversion was obtained by diffusion of H2 into a supersonic jet containing F atoms [H2 + F-* HF(v) + H, AH = -31.7 kcal/mole]. A peak power of 630 W was obtained with an F atom flow rate of 0.040 mole/sec, and the efficiency of conversion of chemical energy to laser energy was 12%. The performance of a corresponding DF laser is also given. Major laser output is from 2-1 and 1-0 transitions for both lasers. Radiation is at 2.6 to 2.9/~m and 3.6 to 4.0/zm for the HF and DF lasers, respectively. The ratio of DF to HF laser power is 0.7 under similar flow conditions.

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“…7 Additionally, the large electronegativity of fluorine makes HF an interesting system for studying bond polarity, 8 and it is a well known gain medium within high power chemical lasers. 9 Hyperfine resolved radio frequency spectra of the ground electronic state splitting due to nuclear spinrotational and nuclear spin-spin interactions were observed using molecular beam magnetic and electric resonance as early as the 1960s. 10,11 Early analysis of the electronic spectrum of HF, including identification of the C 1 ⌸ state and interactions between the e-parity levels with the corresponding levels in the B 1 ⌺ + state, was undertaken by Douglas and Greening.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of molecular hyperfine structure in the extreme ultraviolet: The HF C-X spectrum

Philippson

Shiell

Reinhold

et al. 2008

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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Clearly resolved hyperfine structure has been observed in the extreme ultraviolet ͑XUV͒ spectra of the C 1 ⌸, v =0−X 1 ⌺ + , v = 0 transition of H 19 F obtained through 1 XUV+ 1 UV resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization spectroscopy. The hyperfine splitting within the R-branch lines shows significant perturbations, which we attribute to mixing with the rotational levels of the nearby v = 29 level of the B 1 ⌺ + ion-pair state. A deperturbation analysis quantitatively explains the apparent variation of the fluorine magnetic hyperfine parameter a F , for which a value of 4034͑83͒ MHz was obtained by averaging over the values derived from the R͑0͒ -R͑4͒ lines, after correcting for the effects of the perturbations.

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Continuous‐wave chemical laser

Cited by 86 publications

References 0 publications

Spatially resolved sub-Doppler overtone gain measurements on a small-scale supersonic HF laser

Spatially resolved sub-Doppler overtone gain measurements on a small-scale supersonic HF laser

Initial performance of a CW chemical laser

Observation of molecular hyperfine structure in the extreme ultraviolet: The HF C-X spectrum

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