Continuous wave Nd:YAG laser cladding modeling: A physical study of track creation during low power processing

Jouvard, Jean-Marie; Grevey, D.; Lemoine, F.; Vannes, A.B.

doi:10.2351/1.4745444

Cited by 75 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…In the interaction between the laser beam and the powder particle, energy absorption and scattering due to reflection, refraction, and diffraction are a function of the particle properties, such as diameter, extinction coefficient, absorptivity, and so on. Since strict calculation of the powder temperature is very complicated, a simplified model proposed by Jouvard et al, [20] which is in good agreement with the experiment, is taken in the calculation of the powder temperature. Following their model, with some minor modifications in calculating the transmitted laser power, the powder temperature calculation can be summarized as follows.…”

Section: E Powder Heating Processmentioning

confidence: 98%

Modeling of laser cladding with powder injection

Han

Phatak

Liou

2004

Metall Mater Trans B

164

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Laser cladding is one of the material additive manufacturing processes used to produce a metallurgically bonded deposition layer. To obtain a high-quality resulting part, a deep understanding of the underlying mechanisms is required. In this article, a mathematical model is developed to simulate the coaxial laser-cladding process with powder injection, which includes laser-substrate, laser-powder, and powder-substrate interactions. The model considers most of the associated phenomena, such as melting, solidification, evaporation, evolution of the free surface, and powder injection. The fluid flow in the melt pool, which is mainly driven by Marangoni shear stress as well as particle impinging, together with the energy balances at the liquid-vapor and the solid-liquid interfaces, are investigated. Powder heating and laser power attenuation due to the powder cloud are incorporated into the model in the calculation of the temperature distribution. The influences of the powder injection on the melt pool shape, penetration, and flow pattern are predicted through the comparison for the cases with powder injection and without powder injection. Dynamic behavior of the melt pool and the formation of the clad are simulated. The effects of the process parameters on the melt pool dimension and peak temperature are further investigated based on the validated model.

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Section: E Powder Heating Processmentioning

confidence: 98%

Modeling of laser cladding with powder injection

Han

Phatak

Liou

2004

Metall Mater Trans B

164

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The melt pool shape was simply computed using a threedimensional ͑3D͒ analytical solution, which assumed a predeposited layer of powder on the substrate. Jouvard et al 6 studied the relation between the laser power and the clad mass through the calculation of energy distribution in laser cladding. They suggested a method to evaluate two power thresholds, of which the first one is the power required for substrate melting, and the second one is the threshold power when the coaxial powder is directly melted by the beam and is, therefore, a liquid when contacting the substrate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical simulation of heat transfer and fluid flow in coaxial laser cladding process for direct metal deposition

Mazumder

2006

Journal of Applied Physics

298

105

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Articles you may be interested inThe coaxial laser cladding process is the heart of direct metal deposition ͑DMD͒. Rapid materials processing, such as DMD, is steadily becoming a tool for synthesis of materials, as well as rapid manufacturing. Mathematical models to develop the fundamental understanding of the physical phenomena associated with the coaxial laser cladding process are essential to further develop the science base. A three-dimensional transient model was developed for a coaxial powder injection laser cladding process. Physical phenomena including heat transfer, melting and solidification phase changes, mass addition, and fluid flow in the melt pool, were modeled in a self-consistent manner. Interactions between the laser beam and the coaxial powder flow, including the attenuation of beam intensity and temperature rise of powder particles before reaching the melt pool were modeled with a simple heat balance equation. The level-set method was implemented to track the free surface movement of the melt pool, in a continuous laser cladding process. The governing equations were discretized using the finite volume approach. Temperature and fluid velocity were solved for in a coupled manner. Simulation results such as the melt pool width and length, and the height of solidified cladding track were compared with experimental results and found to be reasonably matched.

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“…They found that the temperature of injected powder particles increases with decreasing the angle between the powder jet and the laser beam from 45 to 0°, because the particles trajectory through the laser beam is longer. Also, a mathematical model for calculation of particles temperature under laser beam irradiation is established by jouvard and co-workers (Jouvard et al, 1997). Figure 28 shows an off-axis blown powder laser cladding process diagram used for jouvard model.…”

Section: Laser Surface Cladding Of Aluminium Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 28 shows an off-axis blown powder laser cladding process diagram used for jouvard model. (Anandkumar et al, 2009) www.intechopen.com They reported that, the temperature of a powder particle (T) interacting with the laser beam can be calculated by (Jouvard et al, 1997):…”

Section: Laser Surface Cladding Of Aluminium Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%