This paper concerns the modeling of cladding using an Nd:YAG laser operating at low powers typically less than 800 W. Experimental observation of the evolution of the mass of the clads shows two power thresholds. The theoretical study relies on a calculation of the fluence provided to the substrate and on a model of heat transfer into the substrate. We suggest that the first threshold is the power required for substrate melting. The second power is the threshold when the powder is directly melted by the beam and is therefore a liquid when contacting the substrate.

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This work presents the results of investigations in case of laser cladding with a pulsed Nd:YAG laser. We discuss about the experimental parameters in view to realize single clad and particulary the laser data (energy, frequency, pulse duration). The main results are the clad formation beyond an energy threshold and beyond a threshold pulse dwation, the clad behaviour is the same as a clad obtained with a cw laser. Thanks to a cross-section modeling, we compare calculations with experiments and we conclude that the interaction efficiency depends widely on powder spray characteristics.