Continuous-wave terahertz emitter with hybrid nanoelectrodes based on graphene and nanowire

Jumaah, Alaa; Al-Daffaie, Shihab; Yilmazoglu, Oktay; Kusserow, Thomas

doi:10.1364/osac.392837

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 36 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The x-and the y-axis, presented in the labels of the two figures, are the axes whose origin is at the center of the structure. From Figures 5(a)-(c), we can see that the electric field on the Ag-NWs surfaces is enhanced by the incident light confinement introduced by adding GND and GNA to the active region [24], [31] The confinement of the incident light by GNDs and GNAs located near Ag-NWs leads to enhance the light field intensity in this region. As a result, the enhanced light in the Ag-NWs neighboring area improves the plasmonic field on their surfaces.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Those SPPs waves are excited on the surface of Ag-NWs by near-infrared incident light [22]. While Jumaah et al [24] fabricated a hybrid photomixer by adding nitrogen-doped single-layer graphene nanoflakes to Ag-NWs based photomixer. In his structure, the Ag-NWs conductivity is assumed to be improved by the transportation of the photocarriers via spatial plasmonic field through the dispersed graphene flakes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Plasmonic hybrid terahertz photomixer of graphene nanoantenna and nanowires

Al-Mudhafar

Jawad

2022

IJECE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Due to their attractive properties, silver nanowires (Ag-NWs) are newly used as nanoelectrodes in continuous wave (CW) THz photomixer. However, since these nanowires have small contact area, the nanowires fill factor in the photomixer active region is low, which leads to reduce the nanowires conductivity. In this work, we proposed to add graphene nanoantenna array as nanoelectrodes to the silver nanowires-based photomixer to improve the conductivity. In addition, the graphene nanoantenna array and the silver nanowires form new hybrid nanoelectrodes for the CW-THz photomixer leading to improve the device conversion efficiency by the plasmonic effect. Two types of graphene nanoantenna array are proposed in two separate photomixer configurations. These are the graphene nanodisk (GND) array and the graphene bow-tie nanoantenna (GNA) array. The photomixer active region is simulated using the computer simulation technology (CST) Studio Suite<sup>®</sup> for three optical wavelengths: 780 nm, 810 nm, and 850 nm. From the results, we found that the electric field in the active region is enhanced by 4.2 and 4.8 times for the aforementioned configurations, respectively. We also showed that the THz output power can be enhanced by 310 and 530 times, respectively.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmonic hybrid terahertz photomixer of graphene nanoantenna and nanowires

Al-Mudhafar

Jawad

2022

IJECE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In our design a different approach has been taken towards a fully integrated photomixer lens-antenna. This design will be suitable for the integrated nanophotomixers based on graphene or nanocontacts to improve the performance 9 , as the new design will give a remarkable solution to improve the directivity of the generated THz waves and avoid misalignment caused by placing the source in a place that is not the center of the Si lens, as shown in Fig. 1c and d.…”

Section: Design and Implementation Of A Terahertz Lens-antenna For A ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and implementation of a terahertz lens-antenna for a photonic integrated circuits based THz systems

Al-Daffaie

Jumaah

Rubio

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A new integrated lens-antenna is designed and implemented for a nanocontact based terahertz (THz) photomixer. The new design replaces the standard conventional bulky silicon lens, which normally no THz photomixer can avoid. The Fresnel Zone Plate is used to design the new lens-antenna and is simulated by the MIT open-source tool called Meep. The final design showed, with only two simple fabrication technology processing steps (standard optical lithography) that the lens-antenna can be monolithically integrated with the THz nanophotomixer. With its compact design, the THz measurements showed a comparable behavior to the conventional bulky silicon lens, therefore it would be ready for photonic integrated circuits based THz systems.

show abstract

“…Both factors contribute to improve the photogenerated current inside the mixer active area. Therefore, the photomixer based Ag-NW compared to conventional one significantly exhibits higher obtained photocurrent [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The high optical intensity improves the gained photocurrent and thus increases the output radiation. In CW-THz photomixer, Ag-NWs are used as nanodimension electrodes to drive and collect the excited carriers of photoconductive material [14,15]. Due to small size of these nanowires, the photomixer devices based on Ag-NWs gain remarkable features [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of nanoelectrodes number and length on enhancing the THz photomixer performance

Al-Mudhafar,

Jawad

2023

IJL

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Despite the distinct features of the continuous wave (CW) Terahertz (THz) emitter using photomixing technique, it suffers from the relatively low radiation output power. Therefore, one of effective ways to improve the photomixer emitter performance was using nanodimensions electrodes inside the optical active region of the device. Due to the nanodimension sizes and good electrical conductivity of silver nanowires (Ag-NWs), they have been exploited as THz emitter electrodes. The excited surface plasmon polariton waves (SPPs) on the surface of nanowire enhances the incident excitation signal. Therefore, the photomixer based Ag-NW compared to conventional one significantly exhibits higher THz output signal. In this work, the effect of Ag-NWs dimensions and number on the incident optical field is investigated by utilizing the Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Studio Suite. The simulation results show that increasing Ag-NWs length to SPP propagation length ratio plays a significant role on the incident field increment due to its effect on reducing the SPP propagation losses. The increment of Ag-NWs number and length in the nanoelectrodes based photomixer can contribute to increase the electric field in the active region by 1.5 times at the longer excitation wavelength (850 nm). As a result of this increment, the THz output power and the conversion efficiency are expected to be enhanced by a factor of five

show abstract

Continuous-wave terahertz emitter with hybrid nanoelectrodes based on graphene and nanowire

Cited by 11 publications

References 36 publications

Plasmonic hybrid terahertz photomixer of graphene nanoantenna and nanowires

Plasmonic hybrid terahertz photomixer of graphene nanoantenna and nanowires

Design and implementation of a terahertz lens-antenna for a photonic integrated circuits based THz systems

The effect of nanoelectrodes number and length on enhancing the THz photomixer performance

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About