Continuously Gelled Diesel Systems for Fracturing Applications

McCabe, Michael A.; Terracina, J.M.; Kunzi, R.A.

doi:10.2118/21586-ms

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Oil-based fracturing fluids are preferable in cold regions where water-freezing can be a problem, e.g. the North Slope of Alaska and Canada in winter (McCabe et al, 1990).…”

Section: Oil-based and Co 2 Energized Oil Fracturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waterless fracturing technologies for unconventional reservoirs-opportunities for liquid nitrogen

Wang

Yao

Cha

et al. 2016

Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering

188

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During the past two decades, hydraulic fracturing has significantly improved oil and gas production from shale and tight sandstone reservoirs in the United States and elsewhere.Considering formation damage, water consumption, and environmental impacts associated with water-based fracturing fluids, efforts have been devoted to developing waterless fracturing technologies because of their potential to alleviate these issues. Herein, key theories and features of waterless fracturing technologies, including Oil-based and CO 2 energized oil fracturing, explosive and propellant fracturing, gelled LPG and alcohol fracturing, gas fracturing, CO 2 fracturing, and cryogenic fracturing, are reviewed. We then experimentally elaborate on the efficacy of liquid nitrogen in enhancing fracture initiation and propagation in concrete samples, and shale and sandstone reservoir rocks. In our laboratory study, cryogenic fractures generated were qualitatively and quantitatively characterized by pressure decay tests, acoustic measurements, gas fracturing, and CT scans. The capacity and applicability of cryogenic fracturing using liquid nitrogen are demonstrated and examined. By properly formulating the technical procedures for field implementation, cryogenic fracturing using liquid nitrogen could be an advantageous option for fracturing unconventional reservoirs.

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“…Oil-based fracturing fluids are preferable in cold regions where water-freezing can be a problem, e.g. the North Slope of Alaska and Canada in winter (McCabe et al, 1990).…”

Section: Oil-based and Co 2 Energized Oil Fracturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waterless fracturing technologies for unconventional reservoirs-opportunities for liquid nitrogen

Wang

Yao

Cha

et al. 2016

Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering

188

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“…Mixing on-the-fly, sometimes referred to as continuous gelation, is gaining wide popularity in the petroleum industry because of the benefits it offers as opposed to the traditional batch mixing [6][7][8] . Unlike batch mixing -which involves storing the mixed fracturing treatment in a tank before pumping it -the on-the-fly approach involves mixing and directly pumping the fracturing treatment into the formation.…”

Section: Mixing On-the-flymentioning

confidence: 99%

First Successful Application of an Environment Friendly Fracturing Fluid during On-The-Fly Proppant Fracturing

2013

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With the increasing demand for natural gas, fracturing fluid technology needs to develop to enable optimized well completion operations with minimum ecological impact. The recent development of environmentally friendly polymer-free fracturing fluids -with superior operational performance -represents a major technological advance in the petroleum industry.The use of these new fluids during fracturing operations has the following benefits: minimized environmental footprint and formation damage, operational efficiency and simplicity, and maximized fracture conductivity. This paper discusses the first successful deployment, of an environmentally friendly polymer-free fracturing fluid, during on-the-fly proppant fracturing in Saudi Arabia. Also, the paper discusses the optimum layout of the fracturing equipment used during the job execution.The fluid was used to fracture a gas zone located between two water zones. Therefore, one of the main objectives of the treatment was to control the height of the fracture to not break through and contaminate the water-bearing zones.In addition, the fluid exhibited a low friction pressure and excellent proppant-carrying capacity. Moreover, the overall cost of this fracturing operation is in line with conventional, polymer-based fluid fracturing approaches.Evaluation of the post-treatment results demonstrated the following: very positive well productivity, improved fracture geometry (longer fractures with better height containment), and faster fracture cleanup time. TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax +1-972-952-9435

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“…The use of gelled oil fracturing systems facilitates less damage to water sensitive formations than do water-based fluids. [2][3][4] Oil-based fluids also improve frac treatment fluid recovery in low-pressure oil reservoirs, which is critical to formation production. Early oil gel fracturing fluid chemical designs involved the use of various gellant materials and were based in diesel, gasoline, kerosene, or lease crude.…”

Section: Background/development Of Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Environmentally Friendly Oil-Based Stimulation Fluids

Devine¹,

Wood²,

Shekarchian³

et al. 2003

SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition

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TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax 01-972-952-9435. AbstractThe lab and field development of an environmentally friendly liquid diesel substitute-based (DiSub) system for completion and stimulation, with properties similar to or exceeding those achieved with diesel, will be discussed.The chemical evolution of the DiSub system and properties of the fluid including rheology, break and conductivity testing, and toxicity data will be presented. The application of the system in a field situation is described.Since the inception of hydraulic fracturing, oil-based fracturing and completion fluids have been used. Motivations for using these systems include: formation sensitivity to water; water retention by the formation, such as water blocks; and the inability of low-pressure oil productive formations to unload water. Oil-based fracturing designs have historically required complicated procedures to successfully execute a fracturing operation. Fluid compositions used did not consistently produce stimulation fluids with optimum viscosity or transport properties. Drilling and completion activities in the North Sea, deepwater Gulf of Mexico, Alaska, and Canada provided the impetus to develop innovative environmentally-friendly completion techniques and chemistries.The DiSub system provides a cost effective and environmentally-friendly stimulation fluid.The system is within most global environmental standards and has been approved and used in the North Sea due to its excellent properties, like zero aromatic content, low aquatic toxicity and excellent biodegradability. This makes it a major improvement over the use of diesel and mineral oils, for both humans and the environment. Exposure hazards and the variability of the previously used diesel and/or lease crude are eliminated.

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Continuously Gelled Diesel Systems for Fracturing Applications

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Waterless fracturing technologies for unconventional reservoirs-opportunities for liquid nitrogen

Waterless fracturing technologies for unconventional reservoirs-opportunities for liquid nitrogen

First Successful Application of an Environment Friendly Fracturing Fluid during On-The-Fly Proppant Fracturing

New Environmentally Friendly Oil-Based Stimulation Fluids

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