Contraception and the etiology of pelvic inflammatory disease: New perspectives

Senanayake, Pramilla; Kramer, Dorine G.

doi:10.1016/0002-9378(80)91070-4

Cited by 144 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The presence of a biofilm around the device subsequently protects adhered bacteria from the host's defences, although some bacteria occa-sionally break free and become planktonic [7]. This hypothesis is supported by the clinical observation that the risk of PID is 4 times greater during the first month after IUD insertion than in women using no contraception, and that this risk decreases to unity within 4 months [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Use of Chlorhexidine-Releasing Nylon Fibres to Reduce Device-Related Uterine Infections

Gard¹,

Reynolds²,

Hanlon³

2000

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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Implantation of intrauterine devices (IUDs) is associated with an increased incidence of uterine infection, probably as a result of vaginal bacteria entering the uterus at the time of insertion. To reduce the incidence of IUD-related infections, the incorporation of antimicrobial agents into the tail of the device was studied. Chlorhexidine was shown to be released from within nylon hollow fibres at a rate of approximately 114 μg·day^–1 for 10 days. This rate of release was sufficient to exhibit a biocidal effect on bacteria embedded within a mucus gel in vitro. When these devices were implanted transcervically into the guinea-pig uterus they significantly reduced the extent of uterine bacterial contamination within 24 h. These findings indicate that chlorhexidine-releasing devices are potentially useful in the reduction of device-related infections.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Use of Chlorhexidine-Releasing Nylon Fibres to Reduce Device-Related Uterine Infections

Gard¹,

Reynolds²,

Hanlon³

2000

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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“…On the other hand, 5 women with and 26 women without PID used oral contraceptives (P < 0.001). This observation is interesting and may suggest a protective role of oral contraceptives in the development of PID in women with gonorrhea, an observation that has already been made by others (4,9,12 a difference in susceptibility to six beta-lactam antibiotics among strains isolated from 12 women with PID and isolates from 83 patients with uncomplicated anogenital infections. Their results are very similar to ours; however, auxotyping was not carried out.…”

supporting

confidence: 64%

Antibiotic susceptibilities and auxotypes of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains from women with pelvic inflammatory disease or uncomplicated infections

Jacques¹,

Turgeon²,

Derepentigny³

et al. 1983

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…The influence of hormones on genital chlamydial infection in the adult female is not clear. It has been observed that women taking oral contraceptives appear to be at reduced risk from ascending spread of cervical infection (Senanayake & Kramer, 1980), although it is not known whether this situation is due to a decrease in target cell susceptibility or to increased mucus production in the cervix which in turn blocks the ascent of infectious chlamydial particles. The effect of hormone supplementation of the medium on the sensitivity of cells to chlamydial infection has recently been investigated using some other cell culture systems.…”

Section: Immunojuorescence Analysis Of Early Chlamydial Interactions mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of Chlamydia trachomatis with Human Genital Epithelium in Culture

Moorman¹,

Sixbey

Wyrick

1986

Microbiology

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Primary cultures of human endometrial and ectocervical epithelial cells were examined as a new model system to study genital infection by Chlamydia trachomatis. Initial studies demonstrated that these cells were indeed susceptible to chlamydial infection. Inocula, adjusted to produce inclusions in 50 to 80% of equivalent numbers of standard McCoy cells, resulted in infection rates of approximately 15 to 30% for the columnar cells of the endometrium and 5 to 10% for the squamous cells of the ectocervix. Exposure of cultures to DEAE-dextran and centrifugationassisted inoculation, manipulations reported to enhance infection of HeLa and McCoy cells, did not alter the number of inclusion-positive genital cells. Addition of cycloheximide to the postinoculation culture medium slightly increased numbers of inclusion-bearing cells while growth of genital cells in hormone-supplemented medium resulted in a variable effect on inclusion development and a significant reduction in the association of radiolabelled organisms with these cells. The basis for the different levels of infection in McCoy versus genital cell cultures was revealed by immunofluorescence analysis of chlamydia1 association with host cells immediately after inoculation. Chlamydiae failed to adhere to many cells in the genital cell cultures while adherence to McCoy cells was uniform. In addition, the association of radiolabelled C. trachomatis was significantly lower with genital cells than with McCoy cells. Finally, culture conditions were defined which markedly inhibited inclusion development without an immediate loss of chlamydial growth potential. This investigation indicates that primary genital cell cultures are susceptible to chlamydial infection and will be valuable for studies on the nature of C. trachomatis interactions with natural human target cells.

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Contraception and the etiology of pelvic inflammatory disease: New perspectives

Cited by 144 publications

References 21 publications

Use of Chlorhexidine-Releasing Nylon Fibres to Reduce Device-Related Uterine Infections

Use of Chlorhexidine-Releasing Nylon Fibres to Reduce Device-Related Uterine Infections

Antibiotic susceptibilities and auxotypes of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains from women with pelvic inflammatory disease or uncomplicated infections

Interaction of Chlamydia trachomatis with Human Genital Epithelium in Culture

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