Kaji I, Yasuoka Y, Karaki S, Kuwahara A. Activation of TRPA1 by luminal stimuli induces EP4-mediated anion secretion in human and rat colon. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 302: G690-G701, 2012. First published December 29, 2011; doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00289.2011 physiology, anion and fluid secretion is an important function for host defense and is induced by changes in the luminal environment. The transient receptor potential A1 (TRPA1) channel is considered to be a chemosensor in several sensory tissues. Although the function of TRPA1 has been studied in GI motility, its contribution to the transepithelial ion transport system has rarely been discussed. In the present study, we investigated the secretory effect of the potential TRPA1 agonist allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) in rat and human colon using an Ussing chamber. The mucosal application of AITC (10 Ϫ6 -10 Ϫ3 M) induced Cl Ϫ and HCO 3 Ϫ secretion in a concentrationdependent manner, whereas the serosal application induced a significantly weaker effect. AITC-evoked anion secretion was attenuated by tissue pretreatment with piroxicam and prostaglandin (PG) E2; however, this secretion was not affected by TTX, atropine, or extracellular Ca 2ϩ depletion. These experiments indicate that TRPA1 activation induces anion secretion through PG synthesis, independent of neural pathways in the colon. Further analysis also indicates that AITCevoked anion secretion is mediated mainly by the EP4 receptor subtype. The magnitude of the secretory response exhibited segmental heterogeneity in rat colon. Real-time PCR analysis showed the segmental difference was corresponding to the differential expression of EP4 receptor and cyclooxygenase-1 and -2. In addition, RT-PCR, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemical studies showed TRPA1 expression in the colonic epithelia. Therefore, we conclude that the activation of TRPA1 in colonic epithelial cells is likely involved in the host defense mechanism through rapid anion secretion. colonic chemosensing; prostaglandin E2 THE EPITHELIUM OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL (GI) tract functions not only as a gate for water and nutrients but as a barrier between the luminal and internal environments. Recent studies have suggested that luminal sensory molecules in the small intestine influence nutrient metabolism and local physiological responses (1, 31, 32). Molecular identification of sensory receptors, such as olfactory, taste, and thermo-receptors, which are part of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family, has helped to elucidate chemical-sensing systems that detect the luminal state. However, the physiological roles of these receptors in colonic ion transport have rarely been investigated at the organ level. In particular, transepithelial anion secretion followed by fluid secretion is regulated by diverse systems, including the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems (4, 17), and is considered an important function for host defense. Therefore, experiments at the tissue or organ levels are important for understanding the contribution of ...