Contrasting Community versus Population-Based Estimates of Grazing and Virus-Induced Mortality of Phytoplankton

Staniewski, Michael A.; Short, Cindy M.; Short, Steven M.

doi:10.1007/s00248-012-0019-9

Cited by 14 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Plot of standard deviations of replicate apparent growth rate measurements at different levels of dilution of whole water. Apparent growth rate (d −1 ) values (Staniewski et al ; Staniewski and Short ) were determined from changes in Chl a concentration. Data originating from grazer‐free (0.45 μ m) and grazer‐and‐virus‐free (30 kDa) dilution series are indicated separately.…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…“Groups” refer to dilution series (i.e., grazer‐free and grazer‐and‐virus‐free diluent), sample size refers to the number of incubation bottles in those series, the allocation ratio is the ratio of their sample sizes, and SD σ _x1 and σ _x2 are the standard deviations of the dilution proportion values for each series. The SD residual σ value was determined from the Chl a ‐derived regression residuals in Staniewski et al () and Staniewski and Short ().…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Methodological review and meta‐analysis of dilution assays for estimates of virus‐ and grazer‐mediated phytoplankton mortality

Staniewski

Short

2018

Limnology & Ocean Methods

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This manuscript reviews methodological differences among modified dilution assay studies used to partition phytoplankton mortality into virus‐ and grazer‐mediated fractions, and discusses their implications. A meta‐analysis is also described, based on virus‐ and grazer‐mediated mortality and instantaneous growth rates extracted from these studies. As the α value used to assess the significance of these rates was not consistent across studies, metadata was re‐analyzed (i.e., rates were re‐calculated) using three levels of significance: α = 0.05, α = 0.1, and α‐not‐considered. The average virus‐mediated mortality rate observed for each re‐analysis was 0.04 d−1, 0.10 d−1, and 0.08 d−1, respectively. Further, 80%, 74%, and 56% of virus‐mediated mortality rates were between −0.1 d−1 and 0.1 d−1. Power analysis was used to demonstrate that typical modified dilution assays lack the sensitivity to consistently detect small virus‐mediated mortality rates, and shows how dilution scheme modifications can affect power. Rates of virus‐mediated mortality were also discriminated based on salinity, depth, use of nutrient amendments, and choice of technique for estimating apparent growth rates. For all three re‐analyses, a significant positive correlation was observed between virus‐mediated mortality (d−1) and instantaneous growth rate (d−1) (Pearson r = 0.72, 0.74, 0.32, all p values < 0.01), suggesting that virally mediated mortality is intimately linked to host growth. This manuscript highlights the need for greater standardization in the analysis and presentation of information when using the modified dilution approach for estimating phytoplankton mortality, and provides recommendations for the application of future assays.

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Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological review and meta‐analysis of dilution assays for estimates of virus‐ and grazer‐mediated phytoplankton mortality

Staniewski

Short

2018

Limnology & Ocean Methods

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“…Many studies have sought to quantify grazing and viral lysis to determine the impact of top-down or bottom-up controls on structuring microbial communities (Fuhrman and Noble, 1995;Strom, 2000;Simek et al, 2001;Sherr and Sherr, 2002;Evans et al, 2003;Weinbauer et al, 2003Weinbauer et al, , 2007Zhang et al, 2007;Baudoux and Veldhuis, 2008;Longnecker et al, 2010;Staniewski et al, 2012). Most studies enriched or removed grazers and viruses to investigate short-term or episodic impacts from which long-term influences were inferred.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Top-down controls on bacterial community structure: microbial network analysis of bacteria, T4-like viruses and protists

et al. 2013

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Characterizing ecological relationships between viruses, bacteria and protists in the ocean are critical to understanding ecosystem function, yet these relationships are infrequently investigated together. We evaluated these relationships through microbial association network analysis of samples collected approximately monthly from March 2008 to January 2011 in the surface ocean (0-5 m) at the San Pedro Ocean Time series station. Bacterial, T4-like myoviral and protistan communities were described by Automated Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism of the gene encoding the major capsid protein (g23) and 18S ribosomal DNA, respectively. Concurrent shifts in community structure suggested similar timing of responses to environmental and biological parameters. We linked T4-like myoviral, bacterial and protistan operational taxonomic units by local similarity correlations, which were then visualized as association networks. Network links (correlations) potentially represent synergistic and antagonistic relationships such as viral lysis, grazing, competition or other interactions. We found that virus-bacteria relationships were more cross-linked than protist-bacteria relationships, suggestive of increased taxonomic specificity in virus-bacteria relationships. We also found that 80% of bacterial-protist and 74% of bacterial-viral correlations were positive, with the latter suggesting that at monthly and seasonal timescales, viruses may be following their hosts more often than controlling host abundance.

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“…The importance of viruses as agents of freshwater phytoplankton mortality has also been established through a number of modified dilution experiments (Gobler et al, 2008;Tijdens et al, 2008;Staniewski et al, 2012), and algal virus diversity surveys of various lakes and rivers have been conducted (e.g., Short and Short, 2008;Clasen and Suttle, 2009;Gimenes et al, 2012;Zhong and Jacquet, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal determinations of algal virus decay rates reveal overwintering in a temperate freshwater pond

Long

Short

2016

The ISME Journal

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To address questions about algal virus persistence (i.e., continued existence) in the environment, rates of decay of infectivity for two viruses that infect Chlorella-like algae, ATCV-1 and CVM-1, and a virus that infects the prymnesiophyte Chrysochromulina parva, CpV-BQ1, were estimated from in situ incubations in a temperate, seasonally frozen pond. A series of experiments were conducted to estimate rates of decay of infectivity in all four seasons with incubations lasting 21 days in spring, summer and autumn, and 126 days in winter. Decay rates observed across this study were relatively low compared with previous estimates obtained for other algal viruses, and ranged from 0.012 to 11% h − 1 . Overall, the virus CpV-BQ1 decayed most rapidly whereas ATCV-1 decayed most slowly, but for all viruses the highest decay rates were observed during the summer and the lowest were observed during the winter. Furthermore, the winter incubations revealed the ability of each virus to overwinter under ice as ATCV-1, CVM-1 and CpV-BQ1 retained up to 48%, 19% and 9% of their infectivity after 126 days, respectively. The observed resilience of algal viruses in a seasonally frozen freshwater pond provides a mechanism that can support the maintenance of viral seed banks in nature. However, the high rates of decay observed in the summer demonstrate that virus survival and therefore environmental persistence can be subject to seasonal bottlenecks.

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Contrasting Community versus Population-Based Estimates of Grazing and Virus-Induced Mortality of Phytoplankton

Cited by 14 publications

References 42 publications

Methodological review and meta‐analysis of dilution assays for estimates of virus‐ and grazer‐mediated phytoplankton mortality

Methodological review and meta‐analysis of dilution assays for estimates of virus‐ and grazer‐mediated phytoplankton mortality

Top-down controls on bacterial community structure: microbial network analysis of bacteria, T4-like viruses and protists

Seasonal determinations of algal virus decay rates reveal overwintering in a temperate freshwater pond

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