Contrasting Effectiveness of (+) and (−) Enantiomers of Disparlure for Trapping Native Populations of Gypsy Moth 1 in Massachusetts 2

Insect Pheromones: A Critical Review of Recent Advances in Their Chemistry, Biology, and Application

“…It was concluded that the "inactive" enantiomers appear to require a higher concentration in order to saturate the receptor sites for inhibitory effects on the pheromone to appear. A similar result has been obtained by PLIMMER et al (326), but again, the natural enantiomer composition is not known.…”

Effect of Synthetic Pheromone on Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) Trap Catch and Mating Success Beyond Treated Areas

“…The (ϩ) enantiomer of disparlure is considerably more attractive to gypsy moth males than the racemic disparlure (Plimmer et al 1977, Cardé et al 1977, Miller et al 1977. Mating disruption treatments use racemic disparlure because of its lower cost and because it disrupts mating as effectively as the (ϩ) enantiomer (Plimmer 1982, Kolodny-Hirsch andSchwalbe 1990).…”

Insect sex-communication and prospects for pheromones in pest management

“…The (7S, SR)-( -)-disparlure is inactive; furthermore, increasing amounts of the latter admixed with the (+)-enantiomer decrease the number of males trapped in field tests (Plimmer et al, 1977). A similar communication system exists in the Japanese beetle Popillia japotzica.…”