Contrasting Effects of Sleep Restriction, Total Sleep Deprivation, and Sleep Timing on Positive and Negative Affect

Groeger, John A.; Lo, June C-Y.; Santhi, Nayantara; Lázár, Alpár S.; Dijk, Derk‐Jan

doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2022.911994

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…These findings partially support our hypothesis. As mentioned above, existing research based on healthy adults generally found that sleep is associated with both PA and NA, with the associations with PA being stronger than those with NA [21][22][23][24]. We speculate that the presence of T1D may possibly alter the relationships between sleep and affect, shifting the primary impact of insufficient sleep from decreasing PA in healthy adults to increasing NA in individuals with T1D.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

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Within-person Relationships of Sleep Duration with Next-Day Stress and Affect in the Daily Life of Adults with Type-1 Diabetes

Jin

Gonzalez

Pyatak

et al. 2023

Preprint

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ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to examine the within-person relationships between sleep duration and next-day stress and affect in the daily life of individuals with T1D.MethodsStudy participants were recruited in the Function and Emotion in Everyday Life with Type 1 Diabetes (FEEL-T1D) study. Sleep duration was derived by synthesizing objective (actigraphy) and self-report measures. General and diabetes-specific stress and positive and negative affect were measured using ecological momentary assessment. Multilevel regression was used to examine the within-person relationships between sleep duration and next-day stress and affect. Cross-level interactions were used to explore whether gender and baseline depression and anxiety moderated these within-person relationships.ResultsAdults with T1D (n=166) completed measurements for 14 days. The average age was 40.99 years, and 91 participants (54.82%) were female. The average sleep duration was 7.29 hours (SD=1.18 hours). Longer sleep was significantly associated with lower general stress (p<0.001) but not diabetes-specific stress (p=0.18) on the next day. There were significant within-person associations of longer sleep with lower levels on next-day negative affect (overall, p=0.002, disappoint, p=0.05; sad, p=0.05; tense, p<0.001; upset, p=0.008; anxious, p=0.04). There were no significant associations with positive affect. Examination of the interaction effects did not reveal significant differential relationships for men and women and for individuals with and without depression or anxiety at baseline.ConclusionFindings from this study suggest optimizing sleep duration as an important interventional target for better managing general stress and improving daily emotional wellbeing of individuals with T1D.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…When having enough cognitive-energy resources to reach a goal is anticipated, PA is promoted; when a lack of resources is perceived, NA is increased. Existing research based on healthy adults suggested that while sleep is associated with both PA and NA, the association with PA is stronger than the association with NA [21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Within-person Relationships of Sleep Duration with Next-Day Stress and Affect in the Daily Life of Adults with Type-1 Diabetes

Jin

Gonzalez

Pyatak

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…This was the similar case for positive affect, which replicated a previous finding. 47 In addition, we found that the negative affect, sustained attention and selective attention did not change much during the three hours after waking up. It should be noted that although the main effects of test time on mean RT of the fastest 10% of trials and lapse probability were significant, the difference among different test times did not survive Bonferroni corrections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Association Between EEG Microarousal During Nocturnal Sleep and Next-Day Selective Attention in Mild Sleep-Restricted Healthy Undergraduates

Zhai,

Chen,

Yao

et al. 2024

NSS

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Purpose To explore whether sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) microarousals of different standard durations predict daytime mood and attention performance in healthy individuals after mild sleep restriction. Participants and Methods Sixteen (nine female) healthy college students were recruited to examine the correlations between nocturnal EEG microarousals of different standard durations (≥3 s, ≥5 s, ≥7 s, ≥9 s) under mild sleep restriction (1.5 h) and the following morning’s subjective alertness, mood, sustained attention, and selective attention task performance. Results Results revealed that mild sleep restriction significantly reduced subjective alertness and positive mood, while having no significant effect on negative mood, sustained attention and selective attention performance. The number of microarousals (≥5 s) was negatively associated with positive mood at 6:30. The number of microarousals was significantly and positively correlated with the response time difference value of disengagement component of the selective attention task at around 7:30 (≥5 s and ≥7 s) and 9:00 (≥5 s). The number of microarousals (≥7 s) was significantly and positively correlated with the inaccuracy difference value of orientation component of the selective attention task at around 9:00. Conclusion The number of EEG microarousals during sleep in healthy adults with mild sleep restriction was significantly and negatively related to their daytime positive affect while positively associated with the deterioration of disengagement and orientation of selective attention performance, but this link is dependent on the standard duration of microarousals, test time and the type of task.

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“…This finding is counterintuitive given that variability in data is usually larger for between-subject designs. We note, however, that even participants in control conditions often experience a decline in mood across the study period, likely due to extended periods in the lab (e.g., Groeger et al, 2022;Saksvik-Lehouillier et al, 2020). These declines may be heightened in within-subject designs, where participants must repeat the experience on multiple occasions, thus potentially masking differences between the control and sleep manipulation conditions.…”

Section: Limitations Of the Evidence And Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Sleep loss and emotion: A systematic review and meta-analysis of over 50 years of experimental research.

Palmer,

Bower,

Cho

et al. 2024

Psychological Bulletin

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In a largely sleep-deprived society, quantifying the effects of sleep loss on emotion is critical for promoting psychological health. This preregistered systematic review and meta-analysis quantified the effects of various forms of sleep loss on multiple aspects of emotional experiences. Eligible studies used experimental reductions of sleep via total sleep deprivation, partial sleep restriction, or sleep fragmentation in healthy populations to examine effects on positive affect, negative affect, general mood disturbances, emotional reactivity, anxiety symptoms, and/or depressive symptoms. In total, 1,338 effect sizes across 154 studies were included (N = 5,717; participant age range = 7-79 years). Random effects models were conducted, and all forms of sleep loss resulted in reduced positive affect (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.27 to −1.14), increased anxiety symptoms (SMD = 0.57-0.63), and blunted arousal in response to emotional stimuli (SMD = −0.20 to −0.53). Findings for negative affect, reports of emotional valence in response to emotional stimuli, and depressive symptoms were mixed and depended on the type of sleep loss. Nonlinear effects for the amount of sleep loss as well as differences based on the stage of sleep restricted (i.e., rapid eye movement sleep or slow-wave sleep) were also detected. This study represents the most comprehensive quantitative synthesis of experimental sleep and emotion research to date and provides strong evidence that periods of extended wakefulness, shortened sleep duration, and/or nighttime awakenings adversely influence human emotional functioning. Findings provide an integrative foundation for future research on sleep and emotion and elucidate the precise ways that inadequate sleep may impact our daytime emotional lives. Public Significance StatementThis study synthesizes more than 50 years of experimental research to reveal the multiple ways loss of sleep undermines human emotional functioning and increases risk for psychiatric disorders. Implications for individual and public health are considerable in a largely sleep-deprived society. Industries and sectors prone to sleep loss (e.g., first responders, pilots, truck drivers) should develop and adopt policies that prioritize sleep to mitigate against the risks to daytime function and well-being. This document is copyrighted by the American Psychological Association or one of its allied publishers.This article is intended solely for the personal use of the individual user and is not to be disseminated broadly.This article was published Online First December 21, 2023. Cara A. Palmer https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9769-7398 This study design and analytic plan were preregistered at https:// www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42016045754. The data sets generated and analyzed during the present study, along with all analytic code are available at https://osf.io/fy349/?view_only=5fbe2a328ac1483f9bb a1697dd4db722. The findings from this article have not been disseminated elsewhere. Cara A. Palmer and Joa...

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Contrasting Effects of Sleep Restriction, Total Sleep Deprivation, and Sleep Timing on Positive and Negative Affect

Cited by 17 publications

References 28 publications

Within-person Relationships of Sleep Duration with Next-Day Stress and Affect in the Daily Life of Adults with Type-1 Diabetes

Within-person Relationships of Sleep Duration with Next-Day Stress and Affect in the Daily Life of Adults with Type-1 Diabetes

Association Between EEG Microarousal During Nocturnal Sleep and Next-Day Selective Attention in Mild Sleep-Restricted Healthy Undergraduates

Sleep loss and emotion: A systematic review and meta-analysis of over 50 years of experimental research.

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