Contrasting influences of stormflow and baseflow pathways on nitrogen and phosphorus export from an urban watershed

Janke, Ben; Finlay, Jacques C.; Hobbie, Sarah E.; Baker, Larry; Sterner, Robert W.; Nidzgorski, Daniel A.; Wilson, Bruce

doi:10.1007/s10533-013-9926-1

Cited by 84 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The study area comprised seven urban subwatersheds of the Mississippi River in the Capitol Region Watershed (CRW) ( Table 1), building on past studies of household inputs (19,27) and storm drain exports (37). The CRW comprises just over 10,000 ha in Ramsey County, Minnesota, and includes the majority of St. Paul and small portions of neighboring suburbs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nearly all drainage occurs via the storm drain system (which was separated from the sanitary sewer system over a period from 1960 to 1996); there are few unburied stream reaches, and there are several sizeable nutrient-impaired lakes. The seven study watersheds are intensively monitored for pollutant export via storm drains by the Capitol Region Watershed District (CRWD) (37,61). All include mixed residential, commercial, and industrial land use except the AHUG, which is primarily residential.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contrasting nitrogen and phosphorus budgets in urban watersheds and implications for managing urban water pollution

Hobbie

Finlay

Janke

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

326

156

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Managing excess nutrients remains a major obstacle to improving ecosystem service benefits of urban waters. To inform more ecologically based landscape nutrient management, we compared watershed inputs, outputs, and retention for nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in seven subwatersheds of the Mississippi River in St. Paul, Minnesota. Lawn fertilizer and pet waste dominated N and P inputs, respectively, underscoring the importance of household actions in influencing urban watershed nutrient budgets. Watersheds retained only 22% of net P inputs versus 80% of net N inputs (watershed area-weighted averages, where net inputs equal inputs minus biomass removal) despite relatively low P inputs. In contrast to many nonurban watersheds that exhibit high P retention, these urban watersheds have high street density that enhanced transport of P-rich materials from landscapes to stormwater. High P exports in storm drainage networks and yard waste resulted in net P losses in some watersheds. Comparisons of the N/P stoichiometry of net inputs versus storm drain exports implicated denitrification or leaching to groundwater as a likely fate for retained N. Thus, these urban watersheds exported high quantities of N and P, but via contrasting pathways: P was exported primarily via stormwater runoff, contributing to surface water degradation, whereas N losses additionally contribute to groundwater pollution. Consequently, N management and P management require different strategies, with N management focusing on reducing watershed inputs and P management also focusing on reducing P movement from vegetated landscapes to streets and storm drains.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting nitrogen and phosphorus budgets in urban watersheds and implications for managing urban water pollution

Hobbie

Finlay

Janke

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

326

156

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As a result, conservation, management, and engineering interventions must be made over the course of urban evolution to maintain function and foster ecosystem restoration (Figure 2). For example, leakage into and from ground water from both water supply, wastewater, and stormdrain pipes creates an engineered "urban karst" that needs to be considered in understanding hydrologic drivers of urban evolution [80,91,92].…”

Section: Evolving Drainage: An Expanding Urban Circulatory Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Evolution: The Role of Water

Kaushal

McDowell

Wollheim

et al. 2015

Water

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Abstract:The structure, function, and services of urban ecosystems evolve over time scales from seconds to centuries as Earth's population grows, infrastructure ages, and sociopolitical values alter them. In order to systematically study changes over time, the concept of "urban evolution" was proposed. It allows urban planning, management, and restoration to move beyond reactive management to predictive management based on past observations of consistent patterns. Here, we define and review a glossary of core concepts for studying urban evolution, which includes the mechanisms of urban selective pressure and urban adaptation. Urban selective pressure is an environmental or societal driver contributing to urban adaptation. Urban adaptation is the sequential process by which an urban structure, function, or services becomes more fitted to its changing environment or human choices. The role of water is vital to driving urban evolution as demonstrated by historical changes in drainage, sewage flows, hydrologic pulses, and long-term chemistry. In the current paper, we show how hydrologic traits evolve across successive generations of urban ecosystems OPEN ACCESSWater 2015, 7 4064 via shifts in selective pressures and adaptations over time. We explore multiple empirical examples including evolving: (1) urban drainage from stream burial to stormwater management; (2) sewage flows and water quality in response to wastewater treatment; (3) amplification of hydrologic pulses due to the interaction between urbanization and climate variability; and (4) salinization and alkalinization of fresh water due to human inputs and accelerated weathering. Finally, we propose a new conceptual model for the evolution of urban waters from the Industrial Revolution to the present day based on empirical trends and historical information. Ultimately, we propose that water itself is a critical driver of urban evolution that forces urban adaptation, which transforms the structure, function, and services of urban landscapes, waterways, and civilizations over time.

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“…Groundwater can supply a significant amount of water and N to streams as exemplified by about half of the N load in streams of the Chesapeake Bay watershed originating from groundwater with a median groundwater age of 10 years . A study of six urban subwatersheds in St. Paul, Minnesota showed that baseflow, which was dominated by groundwater inputs, contributed to 31%-68% of the warm season total N loads and 7%-32% of the warm season total P loads to receiving surface waters (Janke et al, 2014). Groundwater legacy N contributions are believed responsible for why many agricultural and urban rivers in the United Kingdom still carry elevated nitrate loads in spite of considerable reductions in watershed N inputs Howden and Burt, 2009).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Legacy Nutrient Dynamics at the Watershed Scale: Principles, Modeling, and Implications

Chen

Shen

et al. 2018

Advances in Agronomy

112

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Contrasting influences of stormflow and baseflow pathways on nitrogen and phosphorus export from an urban watershed

Cited by 84 publications

References 55 publications

Contrasting nitrogen and phosphorus budgets in urban watersheds and implications for managing urban water pollution

Contrasting nitrogen and phosphorus budgets in urban watersheds and implications for managing urban water pollution

Urban Evolution: The Role of Water

Legacy Nutrient Dynamics at the Watershed Scale: Principles, Modeling, and Implications

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