Contrasting microbial communities on male and female flowers of a dioecious plant, <i>Mallotus japonicus</i> (Euphorbiaceae)

Marre, Maxime; Ushio, Masayuki; Sakai, Shoko

doi:10.1002/edn3.271

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 101 publications

(127 reference statements)

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“…Interestingly, we found all the proteobacterial ASVs in Cluster 6 from flowers of an unrelated dioecious tree, Mallotus japonicus (Euphorbiaceae). In particular, T0007 was the most abundant and frequent ASV on male flowers of the plant and was present in 72.3 % of male flower samples (Marre et al 2021 (T0007 is referred to as ASV02P1in this article), and the dataset used for the study (DRA013108 in DDBJ)). Therefore, we consider that the bacteria of Group 6 may be generalist inhabitants on plants, which proliferate on senesced plant parts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are microbes growing on flowers evil? Effects of old flower microbes on fruit set in a wild ginger with one-day flowers, Alpinia japonica (Zingiberaceae)

Sakai

Ushio

Elvira

2021

Preprint

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Flowers are colonized by and inhabited by diverse microbes. Plants rapidly replace flowers of short lifespan, and old flowers senesce. This may contribute to avoiding adverse effects of the microbes. In this study, we investigate if the flower microbial community on old flowers impedes fruit and seed production in a wild ginger with one-day flowers. We inoculated newly opened flowers with old flower microbes, and monitored the effects on fruit and seed set. We also assessed prokaryotic communities on the flowers using amplicon sequencing. We found five bacterial amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) whose proportions were increased on the inoculated flowers. These ASVs were also found on flower buds and flowers that were bagged by net or paper during anthesis. Fruit set was negatively associated with the proportions of these ASVs, while seed set was not. The results suggest that old flowers harbor microbial communities different from those at anthesis, and that the microbes abundant on old flowers negatively affect plant reproduction. Though the short lifespan of flowers has gotten little attention, it might be an essential defense mechanism to cope with antagonistic microbes that rapidly proliferate on the flowers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are microbes growing on flowers evil? Effects of old flower microbes on fruit set in a wild ginger with one-day flowers, Alpinia japonica (Zingiberaceae)

Sakai

Ushio

Elvira

2021

Preprint

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“…Bakker and McCormick [81] found that OTUs identified as Sphingomonas were negatively correlated with the pathogen load in F. graminearum-infected wheat kernels, and it was suggested that Sphingomonas may inhibit Fusarium or simply decline in abundance as Fusarium colonizes the grain. In the flowering tree Mallotus japonicus, compared to male flowers, female flower samples were shown to be more abundant in Sphingomonas ASVs [40]. Perhaps Sphingomonas is an important endophyte in the style tissues of many plants.…”

Section: Species Level Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Delftia has been mentioned as a biocontrol agent above [85,86] and Delftia acidovorans specifically is a known endophyte [87]. A Delftia ASV was more abundant in the female flowers of M. japonicus [40], a plant that is susceptible to the pathogen Erwinia amylovora, which enters via the style and other reproductive tissues [88]. Though some strains of P. ananatis are maize pathogens, it has also been shown to promote maize growth [89].…”

Section: Species Level Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Cultured Microbiome of Pollinated Maize Silks Shifts after Infection with Fusarium graminearum and Varies by Distance from the Site of Pathogen Inoculation

Thompson,

Shrestha,

Rinne

et al. 2023

Pathogens

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Styles transmit pollen-derived sperm nuclei from pollen to ovules, but also transmit environmental pathogens. The microbiomes of styles are likely important for reproduction/disease, yet few studies exist. Whether style microbiome compositions are spatially responsive to pathogens is unknown. The maize pathogen Fusarium graminearum enters developing grain through the style (silk). We hypothesized that F. graminearum treatment shifts the cultured transmitting silk microbiome (TSM) compared to healthy silks in a distance-dependent manner. Another objective of the study was to culture microbes for future application. Bacteria were cultured from husk-covered silks of 14 F. graminearum-treated diverse maize genotypes, proximal (tip) and distal (base) to the F. graminearum inoculation site. Long-read 16S sequences from 398 isolates spanned 35 genera, 71 species, and 238 OTUs. More bacteria were cultured from F. graminearum-inoculated tips (271 isolates) versus base (127 isolates); healthy silks were balanced. F. graminearum caused a collapse in diversity of ~20–25% across multiple taxonomic levels. Some species were cultured exclusively or, more often, from F. graminearum-treated silks (e.g., Delftia acidovorans, Klebsiella aerogenes, K. grimontii, Pantoea ananatis, Stenotrophomonas pavanii). Overall, the results suggest that F. graminearum alters the TSM in a distance-dependent manner. Many isolates matched taxa that were previously identified using V4-MiSeq (core and F. graminearum-induced), but long-read sequencing clarified the taxonomy and uncovered greater diversity than was initially predicted (e.g., within Pantoea). These isolates represent the first comprehensive cultured collection from pathogen-treated maize silks to facilitate biocontrol efforts and microbial marker-assisted breeding.

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“…Interestingly, we found all the proteobacterial ASVs in Cluster 6 from flowers of an unrelated dioecious tree, Mallotus japonicus (Euphorbiaceae). In particular, T0007 was the most abundant and frequent ASV on male flowers of the plant and was present in 72.3% of male flower samples (Marre et al 2021 (T0007 is referred to as ASV02P1 in this article), and the dataset used for the study (DRA013108 in DDBJ)). Therefore, we consider that the bacteria of Group 6 may be generalist inhabitants on plants, which proliferate on senesced plant parts.…”

Section: Identification Of Bacteria That Were Increased By Inoculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are microbes growing on flowers evil? Effects of old flower microbes on fruit set in a wild ginger with one-day flowers, Alpinia japonica (Zingiberaceae)

Elvira¹,

Ushio²,

Sakai³

2022

MBMG

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Flowers are colonized and inhabited by diverse microbes. Flowers have various mechanisms to suppress microbial growth, such as flower volatiles, reactive oxygen and secondary compounds. Besides, plants rapidly replace flowers that have a short lifespan, and old flowers senesce. They may contribute to avoiding adverse effects of the microbes. In this study, we investigate if the flower microbial community on old flowers impedes fruit and seed production in a wild ginger with one-day flowers. We focus on microbes on old flowers because they may be composed of microbes that would grow during flowering if the flowers did not have mechanisms to suppress microbial growth. We inoculated newly opened flowers with old flower microbes, and monitored the effects on fruit and seed set. We also assessed prokaryotic communities on the flowers using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. We found six bacterial amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) whose proportions were increased on the inoculated flowers. These ASVs were also found on flower buds and flowers that were bagged by net or paper during anthesis, suggesting that they had been present in small numbers prior to flowering. Fruit set was negatively associated with the proportions of these ASVs, while seed set was not. The results suggest that old flowers harbor microbial communities different from those at anthesis, and that the microbes abundant on old flowers negatively affect plant reproduction. Although it has received little attention, antagonistic microbes that rapidly proliferate on the flowers may have affected the evolution of various flower characteristics such as flower volatiles and life span.

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Contrasting microbial communities on male and female flowers of a dioecious plant, Mallotus japonicus (Euphorbiaceae)

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creat ive Commo ns Attri bution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 4 publications

References 101 publications

Are microbes growing on flowers evil? Effects of old flower microbes on fruit set in a wild ginger with one-day flowers, Alpinia japonica (Zingiberaceae)

Are microbes growing on flowers evil? Effects of old flower microbes on fruit set in a wild ginger with one-day flowers, Alpinia japonica (Zingiberaceae)

The Cultured Microbiome of Pollinated Maize Silks Shifts after Infection with Fusarium graminearum and Varies by Distance from the Site of Pathogen Inoculation

Are microbes growing on flowers evil? Effects of old flower microbes on fruit set in a wild ginger with one-day flowers, Alpinia japonica (Zingiberaceae)

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Contrasting microbial communities on male and female flowers of a dioecious plant, Mallotus japonicus (Euphorbiaceae)

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creat ive Commo ns Attri bution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 4 publications

References 101 publications

Are microbes growing on flowers evil? Effects of old flower microbes on fruit set in a wild ginger with one-day flowers, Alpinia japonica (Zingiberaceae)

Are microbes growing on flowers evil? Effects of old flower microbes on fruit set in a wild ginger with one-day flowers, Alpinia japonica (Zingiberaceae)

The Cultured Microbiome of Pollinated Maize Silks Shifts after Infection with Fusarium graminearum and Varies by Distance from the Site of Pathogen Inoculation

﻿Are microbes growing on flowers evil? Effects of old flower microbes on fruit set in a wild ginger with one-day flowers, Alpinia japonica (Zingiberaceae)

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Are microbes growing on flowers evil? Effects of old flower microbes on fruit set in a wild ginger with one-day flowers, Alpinia japonica (Zingiberaceae)