Contrasting the infection and survival of Phytophthora pluvialis and Phytophthora cinnamomi in Pinus radiata roots

Scott, P. M.; Taylor, Pam; Williams, N.

doi:10.1007/s13313-019-0619-7

Cited by 4 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In the present study, Phytophthora was found on all surface-sterilized root samples of inoculated seedlings (1.5-month-old) subjected to direct PCR. Thus, it seems evident that Phytophthora had persisted on birch seedling root surfaces, and re-isolation results indicated persistence also within roots (see related re-isolation methods with or without surface sterilization in Jung & Blaschke 2004;Rytk€ onen et al 2012;Aghighi et al 2016;Milenkovi c et al 2018;Ruiz G omez et al 2018;Scott et al 2019). In the present study, re-isolation of the pathogen was unsuccessful from some root samples despite positive PCR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

“…These may be isolation failures or PCR might have detected dead Phytophthora hyphae. Not all re-isolation trials confirm the presence of Phytophthora (Jung & Blaschke 2004;Scott et al 2019), since it is not always easy to perfomr by visual inspection find the border between discoloured and healthy plant tissue (Rytk€ onen et al 2012;Pacia et al 2017) where a hypha is potentially viable. However, future research, e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The WinRHIZO program has largely been utilized to investigate root morphological parameters, such as root length, surface area, average diameter and volume per plant in different plant-microbe interactions, e.g. after Phytophthora inoculations (Aghighi et al 2016;Ankati et al 2018;Milenkovi c et al 2018;Scott et al 2019), but to our knowledge it has not been used in evaluating the potential diseased areas in roots, as performed in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…in the fine roots of radiata pine ( Pinus radiata , Scott et al . 2019) and ash ( Fraxinus excelsior , Milenković et al . 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2018; Scott et al . 2019). In the present study, re‐isolation of the pathogen was unsuccessful from some root samples despite positive PCR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Root discoloration and shoot symptoms in silver birch afterPhytophthorainfectionin vitro

et al. 2020

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• There are no records of established plant pathogenic Phytophthora species in Finnish forests, but they are likely in the future. Therefore, the effects of Phytophthora inoculations on young, ca. 2-month-old silver birch (Betula pendula) seedling roots and shoots were investigated. • Visual inspection of dark discoloration, direct PCR and re-isolation, and detailed root morphology analyses were used to evaluate the effects of Phytophthora inoculation on roots. Symptoms in leaves and stems were also recorded. • Phytophthora was successfully re-isolated from 67% of the surface-sterilized roots of inoculated seedlings, but not from the non-inoculated control seedlings. Dark discolorations were found more often in the root segments of inoculated seedlings than in control seedlings. In the Phytophthora-treated seedlings, discoloured root segments were usually linked and found primarily in the main root or lateral roots attached to it, whereas in the control seedlings a few single discoloured root segments were scattered throughout the root systems. The number of root segments was lower in the inoculated than in the control seedlings, indicating root loss after Phytophthora inoculation. In the shoots of inoculated birches, leaf and shoot wilting was observed. • The appearance of wilting in shoots without visible dark discoloration in the base of stems indicated that symptoms originated from roots inoculated with Phytophthora.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…in the fine roots of radiata pine ( Pinus radiata , Scott et al . 2019) and ash ( Fraxinus excelsior , Milenković et al . 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2018; Scott et al . 2019). In the present study, re‐isolation of the pathogen was unsuccessful from some root samples despite positive PCR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Root discoloration and shoot symptoms in silver birch afterPhytophthorainfectionin vitro

et al. 2020

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Evidence of Phosphite Tolerance in Phytophthora cinnamomi from New Zealand Avocado Orchards

et al. 2023

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There is a limited number of chemical control agents for managing Phytophthora root and collar rot diseases of avocado internationally, of these, phosphite is one of the most effective. To determine if prolonged phosphite use in New Zealand avocado orchards has led to decreased sensitivity of Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands to phosphite, 57 isolates were collected from phosphite-treated and -untreated avocado orchards and screened for tolerance using a mycelial growth inhibition assay. The inhibitory effect of phosphite on mycelial growth was tested in vitro using six concentrations of phosphite. Based on changes in mycelial growth using optical density measurements to calculate EC50 estimates, three phosphite susceptible (EC50 range 18.71 – 29.26 µg/mL) and three tolerant (EC50 range 81.85 – 123.89 µg/mL) isolates were selected. The effect of phosphite on the colonisation of lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) seedling roots and sporangia and zoospore production of three susceptible and three tolerant isolates were determined. The three tolerant isolates colonised lupin roots more extensively than the three susceptible isolates in the presence of 5 and 10 g/L phosphite. The tolerant isolates were able to asymptomatically colonise further above the lesion margin in the 5 g/L phosphite treated lupins relative to the phosphite susceptible isolates but no isolates were completely resistant to phosphite. The tolerant isolates produced more sporangia and consequently zoospores, in the presence of phosphite than the susceptible isolates. The detection of phosphite tolerance by Phytophthora cinnamomi in planta and in vivo is concerning for the future efficacy of phosphite to manage Phytophthora diseases.

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Lessons from insect and disease impacts on radiata pine (Pinus radiataD. Don) plantations in New Zealand over the last hundred years

Mead,

Burdon

2023

int. forest. rev.

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The imp acts of past and potential insect pests and diseases in New Zealand's radiata pine plantations are reviewed. Invariably their impacts have decreased with time or can be easily managed. Despite past biotic impacts. growth rates have increased over the last 100 years. Pitch pine canker (PPC) is perceived as the greatest new threat. PPC's impact in California, Spain, Portugal, South Africa and Chile suggests that in New Zealand it would become a nursery problem. Radiata pine remains the best medium-density softwood for New Zealand although climate change may alter the site limits. While a biotic catastrophe, despite its low probability, remains an important risk, this risk is outweighed by the opportunity costs and risks associated with diversifying into alternative species. A strong biosecurity infrastructure is vital, as is maintaining a broad genetic base from which to breed resistance. Large plantation estates should develop defensive strategies against new biotic invasions.

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Contrasting the infection and survival of Phytophthora pluvialis and Phytophthora cinnamomi in Pinus radiata roots

Cited by 4 publications

References 30 publications

Root discoloration and shoot symptoms in silver birch afterPhytophthorainfectionin vitro

Root discoloration and shoot symptoms in silver birch afterPhytophthorainfectionin vitro

Evidence of Phosphite Tolerance in Phytophthora cinnamomi from New Zealand Avocado Orchards

Lessons from insect and disease impacts on radiata pine (Pinus radiataD. Don) plantations in New Zealand over the last hundred years

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