“…Objective measurement studies have used metrics based on the number of publications by finance researchers (Klemkosky and Tuttle, 1977ab); the number of papers published by researchers and institutions in leading journals (Schweser, 1977;Niemi, 1987;Heck et al, 1986;Heck and Cooley, 1988); the distribution of contributors to top journals (Chung and Cox, 1990;Cox and Chung, 1991); and publication rates by doctoral graduates over time (Zivney and Bertin, 1992). Later studies tend to use citation measures based upon the argument that the number of publications measure scholarly output while the number of citations received is more reflective of scholarly impact (Alexander and Mabry, 1994;Borokhovich et al, 1995Borokhovich et al, , 2000Chung et al, 2001;Chan et al, 2002;Borokhovich et al, 2011).…”