Contribution à l'étude des jaunisses de la vigne dans le monde. Prospection par test Elisa spécifique du mycoplasma-like organism (MLO) de la flavescence dorée

"Candidatus Phytoplasma australiense," a New Phytoplasma Taxon Associated with Australian Grapevine Yellows

“…Our results defined the relationship of the Australian grapevine yellows phytoplasma to phytoplasmas associated with grapevine yellows and other diseases around the globe. Previously published data indicated that the Australian grapevine yellows phytoplasma was not closely related serologically to the flavescence dorCe phytoplasma (21). Other work indicated that phytoplasmas in naturally yellows-diseased grapevines in Australia were not identical to other phytoplasmas, including the phytoplasma of flavescence dor6e (35).…”

“…In its symptomatology, Australian grapevine yellows resembles flavescence dorCe, bois noir, Vergilbungskrankheit, and other grapevine yellows diseases also believed to be caused by phytoplasmas (3,4,7,(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)33,34,36,37,42). Although rigorous proof of the pathogenicity of phytoplasmas has been elusive because of an inability to culture these cell wall-less prokaryotes in cell-free medium, indirect evidence from electron microscopy, antibiotic therapy, and use of molecular probes has supported the hypothesis of phytoplasmal etiology (6,16,21,26,29,33,36,37,42). In the case of Australian grapevine yellows, both the sensitivity of the disease to the antibiotic tetracycline and electron microscopic observations of phytoplasmas in the phloem of diseased grapevines have provided evidence of phytoplasmal etiology (25,29).…”

Molecular detection of the Australian grapevine yellows phytoplasma and comparison with grapevine yellows phytoplasmas from Italy

“…The type of grapevine yellows found in southern France and in northern Italy, called flavescence dorée (FD) was shown in recent molecular studies to be associated with a phytoplasma coded FDF in France (Daire et al 1993) and FDU in northern Italy (Prince et al 1993). FD is confined to these two regions as shown by serology tests using FD-specific antibodies on samples of diseased vines from Sicily and Emilia-Romagna (Italy), Switzerland, Israel, USA, South Australia and South Africa (Kuszala et al 1993). In particular the phytoplasma of the GY found in southern France (i.e.…”

Influence du milieu d'extraction sur la détection du bois noir et de la flavescence dorée de la vigne, par des anticorps poly- et monoclonaux dirigés contre les phytoplasmes du stolbur et de la flavescence dorée

“…Les jaunisses de la vigne, attribuées à des phytoplasmes précédemment appelés MLO (mycoplasma-like organism), sont en progression constante dans les différentes régions viticoles du monde : en France (Caudwell et al, 1971b ;Daire et al, 1993c), en Allemagne (Gärtel, 1965), en Suisse (Cazelles et Kuszala, 1993), en Italie (Credi et Santucci, 1992), en Israël (Boubals, 1993), aux États-Unis (Pearson et al, 1985), en Australie (Magarey et Wachtel, 1986 (Gourret, 1971 (Sears et Schewe, 1994). Ces dernières années, l'approche de la biologie moléculaire par diffé-rents laboratoires a permis de progresser dans leur connaissance et de les distinguer des autres mollicutes.…”

“…Parallèlement aux approches de la biologie moléculaire, la sérologie avec des anticorps polyclonaux ou monoclonaux (AcMc) dirigés contre les phytoplasmes de plusieurs jaunisses (Caudwell et al, 1982 ;Clark et al, 1988 ;Boudon-Padieu et al, 1989 ;Cousin et al, 1989 ;Schwartz et al, 1989 ; (Daire et al, 1993a ;Kuszala et al, 1993 (Cousin et al, 1989). Puis la production d'un AcMc dirigé contre le phytoplasme du stolbur (Garnier et al, 1990) (Maixner, 1994 (Gugerli, 1984 (Kirkpatrick et al, 1987 ; (Deng et Hiruki, 1990 ;Daire et al, 1992 ;Jaraush et al, 1994 ;Saeed et al, 1994).…”