Contribution of geophysical methods to karst-system exploration: an overview

Chalikakis, Konstantinos; Plagnes, Valérie; Guérin, Roger; Valois, Rémi; Bosch, F.

doi:10.1007/s10040-011-0746-x

Cited by 324 publications

(182 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Hydrogeophysical experiments in karst systems, especially targeting the vadose zone, are very challenging, as already raised by Chalikakis et al (2011). This study proves that, combined with a detailed structural and 940 lithological survey at a local scale, as well as with additional environmental measurements, ERT monitoring is able to image and track through time recharge processes within the vadose zone of a karst system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Imaging groundwater infiltration dynamics in karst vadose zone with long-term ERT monitoring

Watlet¹,

Kaufmann²,

Triantafyllou³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract. Water infiltration and recharge processes in karst systems are complex and difficult to measure with conventional hydrological methods. Especially, temporarily saturated groundwater reservoirs hosted in the 15 vadose zone can play a buffering role in water infiltration. This results from the pronounced porosity and permeability contrasts created by local karstification processes of carbonated rocks. Analyses of time-lapse 2-D geoelectrical imaging over a period of three years at the Rochefort Cave Laboratory (RCL) site in South Belgium highlight variable hydrodynamics in a karst vadose zone. These data were compared to conventional hydrological measurements (drip discharge monitoring, soil moisture and water conductivity data sets) and a 20 detailed structural analysis of the local geological structures providing a thorough understanding of the groundwater infiltration. Seasonal changes affect all the imaged areas leading to increases in resistivity in spring/summer attributed to enhanced evapotranspiration, whereas winter is characterised by a general decrease in resistivity associated with a groundwater recharge of the vadose zone. Three types of hydrological dynamics, corresponding to areas with distinct lithological and structural features, could be identified via changes in 25 resistivity: (i) upper conductive layers, associated with clay-rich soil and epikarst, showing the highest variability related to weather conditions; (ii) deeper and more resistive limestone areas, characterised by variable degrees of porosity and clay contents, hence showing more diffuse seasonal variations; (iii) a conductive fractured zone associated with damped seasonal dynamics, while showing a great variability similar to that of the upper layers in response to rainfall events. This study provides detailed images of the sources of drip discharge spots 30 traditionally monitored in caves and aims to support modelling approaches of karst hydrological processes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Imaging groundwater infiltration dynamics in karst vadose zone with long-term ERT monitoring

Watlet¹,

Kaufmann²,

Triantafyllou³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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“…Natural and man-made underground voids are of the most important objectives to be investigated for many engineering fields such as civil engineering projects, water resource engineering and archeology [15][16][17][18], and [19]. The problem is to detect the desired objective with an acceptable precision and a reasonable cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CRSP, numerical results for an electrical resistivity array to detect underground cavities

Amini¹,

Ramazi²

2017

Open Geosciences

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This paper is devoted to the application of the Combined Resistivity Sounding and Profiling electrode configuration (CRSP) to detect underground cavities. Electrical resistivity surveying is among the most favorite geophysical methods due to its nondestructive and economical properties in a wide range of geosciences. Several types of the electrode arrays are applied to detect different certain objectives. In one hand, the electrode array plays an important role in determination of output resolution and depth of investigations in all resistivity surveys. On the other hand, they have their own merits and demerits in terms of depth of investigations, signal strength, and sensitivity to resistivity variations. In this article several synthetic models, simulating different conditions of cavity occurrence, were used to examine the responses of some conventional electrode arrays and also CRSP array. The results showed that CRSP electrode configuration can detect the desired objectives with a higher resolution rather than some other types of arrays. Also a field case study was discussed in which electrical resistivity approach was conducted in Abshenasan expressway (Tehran, Iran) U-turn bridge site for detecting potential cavities and/or filling loose materials. The results led to detect an aqueduct tunnel passing beneath the study area.

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“…Hutchinson et al (2002) provided a useful comparison of various geophysical approaches for void detection. Contribution of geophysical methods to karst-system exploration was completed by Chalikakis et al (2011). Cardarelli et al (2006a) use electrical resistivity tomography to detect buried cavities in Rome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Geophysical measurements produce a set of data in which various parameters are measured. Each of these parameters is related to one or more physical properties of the subsurface and to their spatial distribution (Chalikakis et al, 2011). For this type of problem, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), is a popular choice due to the low costs of the survey and the high resistivity contrast that exists between the air-filled cavity and the surrounding formation (Van Schoor, 2002;Zhou et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this type of problem, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), is a popular choice due to the low costs of the survey and the high resistivity contrast that exists between the air-filled cavity and the surrounding formation (Van Schoor, 2002;Zhou et al, 2002). The cavities can be also partially or completely water-filled and, depending on the composition of the water, can have a resulting electrical conductivity ranging from very conductive to relatively resistive, compared to the host rock (Chalikakis et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of cavities using electrical resistivity tomography

Putiška

Nikolaj²,

Dostál

et al. 2012

Contributions to Geophysics and Geodesy

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Geophysical surveys for cavity detection are one of the most common nearsurface applications. The usage of resistivity methods is also very straightforward for the air-filled underground voids, which should have theoretically infinite resistivity in the ERT image. In the first part of the paper, we deal with the comparison of detectability of the cavity by several types of the electrode arrays, the second part discusses the effect of a thin layer around the cavity itself, by means of 2D modelling. The presence of this layer deforms the resistivity image significantly as the resistive anomaly could be turned into a conductive one, in the case when the thin layer is more conductive than the background environment. From the electrical array analysis for the model situation a dipole-dipole and combined pole-dipole shows the best results among the other involved electrical arrays.

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Contribution of geophysical methods to karst-system exploration: an overview

Cited by 324 publications

References 88 publications

Imaging groundwater infiltration dynamics in karst vadose zone with long-term ERT monitoring

Imaging groundwater infiltration dynamics in karst vadose zone with long-term ERT monitoring

CRSP, numerical results for an electrical resistivity array to detect underground cavities

Determination of cavities using electrical resistivity tomography

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