Contribution of Infectious Agents to the Development of Celiac Disease

Sánchez, Daniel; Hoffmanová, Iva; Szczepanková, Adéla; Hábová, Věra; Tlaskalová‐Hogenová, Helena

doi:10.3390/microorganisms9030547

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 207 publications

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“…Rotavirus vaccination can reduce the prevalence of CD in children and adolescents [ 30 , 31 , 32 ] since viral intestinal infections can alter the host’s local immune response for a very long time [ 33 , 34 , 35 ]. The role of bacteria, such as Clostridium difficile , Helicobacter pylori and Streptococcus pneumoniae , is not fully clarified in the pathophysiology of CD [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ].…”

Section: Celiac Disease In Children—general Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Celiac Disease and Targeting the Molecular Mechanisms of Autoimmunity in COVID Pandemic

Ailioaie

Litscher

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Celiac disease (CD) comprises over 1% of the world’s population and is a chronic multisystem immune-mediated condition manifested by digestive and/or extradigestive symptoms caused by food intake of gluten. This review looked at the risk of children diagnosed with CD developing SARS-CoV-2 infection and possible severe forms of COVID-19. A better understanding of the interaction and effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in CD is very important, as is the role of environmental and genetic factors, but especially the molecular mechanisms involved in modulating intestinal permeability with impact on autoimmunity. CD inspired the testing of a zonulin antagonist for the fulminant form of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and paved the way for the discovery of new molecules to regulate the small intestine barrier function and immune responses. Original published works on COVID-19 and CD, new data and points of view have been analyzed because this dangerous virus SARS-CoV-2 is still here and yet influencing our lives. Medical science continues to focus on all uncertainties triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection and its consequences, including in CD. Although the COVID-19 pandemic seems to be gradually extinguishing, there is a wealth of information and knowledge gained over the last two years and important life lessons to analyze, as well as relevant conclusions to be drawn to deal with future pandemics. Zonulin is being studied extensively in immunoengineering as an adjuvant to improving the absorption of new drugs and oral vaccines.

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Section: Celiac Disease In Children—general Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Celiac Disease and Targeting the Molecular Mechanisms of Autoimmunity in COVID Pandemic

Ailioaie

Litscher

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Molecular mimicry may play a pathogenic role between antigenic epitopes of viral proteins and gliadins via shared antigenic determinants. It is believed that reoviridae, adenoviruses, the respiratory syncytial virus, herpes simplex type 1, hepatitis C and B viruses, enteroviruses, influenza virus, cytomegalovirus and Epstein‐Barr virus might play role in CD development 4 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is believed that reoviridae, adenoviruses, the respiratory syncytial virus, herpes simplex type 1, hepatitis C and B viruses, enteroviruses, influenza virus, cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus might play role in CD development. 4 In December 2019, a novel outbreak of a new strain of coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]) infection emerged in Wuhan, China. The disease was declared as a pandemic in early March 2020.…”

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confidence: 99%

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New‐onset celiac disease in children during COVID‐19 pandemic

et al. 2021

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Aim We aimed to analyse the influence of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the frequency and clinical presentation of celiac disease. Methods The study included the patients with celiac disease since January 2008. They were divided into 2 groups (diagnosed in pre‐pandemic [January 2008 and February 2020] [ n = 148] and in pandemic period [March 2020 and June 2021] [ n = 47]). Clinical and histological findings were compared between groups. Additionally, data about severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection were obtained in subgroup patients ( n = 22) with celiac disease diagnosed during pandemic period. Results The number of patients per year (12.1–37.6) and the percentage of patients who were diagnosed with celiac disease/total endoscopy were increased during the pandemic period (2.2% vs. 10%, p < 0.00001). The association of celiac disease with type 1 diabetes mellitus was significantly high in pandemic period (4% vs. 17%, p = 0.002). Frequency of moderate‐severe mucosal lesions was low in pandemic period (42.4% vs. 81.7%, p = 0.0001). Clinical and laboratory markers for the past severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection were found in 36.3% of patients diagnosed during the pandemic period. Conclusion It seems that the frequency of celiac disease and its association with type 1 diabetes mellitus is increased during the COVID‐19 pandemic in children.

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“…Patients with CeD present increased intestinal permeability; this may favor gluten sensitization as the characteristic adaptive immune response in patients with CeD takes place in the lamina propria (252). Disruption of the functional epithelial barrier of the intestine by opportunistic pathogens or infections may favor this condition [addressed in depth by a recent review (253)]. In patients with CeD, a shift toward a proinflammatory community and an increase of Proteobacteria and opportunistic pathogens, such as Neisseria or E. coli, as well as higher bacterial virulence genes have been observed (254)(255)(256)(257)(258)(259).…”

Section: Role Of Gut Microbiota In Cedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal Microbiota in Common Chronic Inflammatory Disorders Affecting Children

et al. 2021

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The incidence and prevalence rate of chronic inflammatory disorders is on the rise in the pediatric population. Recent research indicates the crucial role of interactions between the altered intestinal microbiome and the immune system in the pathogenesis of several chronic inflammatory disorders in children, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and celiac disease (CeD). Here, we review recent knowledge concerning the pathogenic mechanisms underlying these disorders, and summarize the facts suggesting that the initiation and progression of IBD, T1DM, and CeD can be partially attributed to disturbances in the patterns of composition and abundance of the gut microbiota. The standard available therapies for chronic inflammatory disorders in children largely aim to treat symptoms. Although constant efforts are being made to maximize the quality of life for children in the long-term, sustained improvements are still difficult to achieve. Additional challenges are the changing physiology associated with growth and development of children, a population that is particularly susceptible to medication-related adverse effects. In this review, we explore new promising therapeutic approaches aimed at modulation of either gut microbiota or the activity of the immune system to induce a long-lasting remission of chronic inflammatory disorders. Recent preclinical studies and clinical trials have evaluated new approaches, for instance the adoptive transfer of immune cells, with genetically engineered regulatory T cells expressing antigen-specific chimeric antigen receptors. These approaches have revolutionized cancer treatments and have the potential for the protection of high-risk children from developing autoimmune diseases and effective management of inflammatory disorders. The review also focuses on the findings of studies that indicate that the responses to a variety of immunotherapies can be enhanced by strategic manipulation of gut microbiota, thus emphasizing on the importance of proper interaction between the gut microbiota and immune system for sustained health benefits and improvement of the quality of life of pediatric patients.

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Contribution of Infectious Agents to the Development of Celiac Disease

Cited by 12 publications

References 207 publications

Celiac Disease and Targeting the Molecular Mechanisms of Autoimmunity in COVID Pandemic

Celiac Disease and Targeting the Molecular Mechanisms of Autoimmunity in COVID Pandemic

New‐onset celiac disease in children during COVID‐19 pandemic

Intestinal Microbiota in Common Chronic Inflammatory Disorders Affecting Children

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