Contribution of Multiple Isolating Barriers to Reproductive Isolation Between a Pair of Phytophagous Ladybird Beetles

Matsubayashi, Kei W.; Katakura, Haruo

doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00738.x

Cited by 70 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 83 publications

(111 reference statements)

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“…He argued that the gradual accumulation of slight heritable variations by natural selection leads to substantial phenotypic evolution, which ultimately results in adaptive divergence and the origin of new species. Today, most evolutionary biologists consider that, for sexually reproducing organisms, speciation involves the evolution of reproductive isolating barriers that reduce the formation of fertile hybrids, and studies typically reveal multiple prezygotic and postzygotic barriers contributing to the total isolation between species (Chari & Wilson 2001;Schluter 2001;Ramsey et al 2003;Kay 2006;Nosil et al 2006;Martin & Willis 2007;Lowry et al 2008;Matsubayashi & Katakura 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical variation in postzygotic isolation and its genetic basis within and between twoMimulusspecies

Martin

Willis

2010

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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The aim of this study is to investigate the evolution of intrinsic postzygotic isolation within and between populations of Mimulus guttatus and Mimulus nasutus. We made 17 intraspecific and interspecific crosses, across a wide geographical scale. We examined the seed germination success and pollen fertility of reciprocal F 1 and F 2 hybrids and their pure-species parents, and used biometrical genetic tests to distinguish among alternative models of inheritance. Hybrid seed inviability was sporadic in both interspecific and intraspecific crosses. For several crosses, Dobzhansky -Muller incompatibilities involving nuclear genes were implicated, while two interspecific crosses revealed evidence of cytonuclear interactions. Reduced hybrid pollen fertility was found to be greatly influenced by Dobzhansky -Muller incompatibilities in five out of six intraspecific crosses and nine out of 11 interspecific crosses. Cytonuclear incompatibilities reduced hybrid fitness in only one intraspecific and one interspecific cross. This study suggests that intrinsic postzygotic isolation is common in hybrids between these Mimulus species, yet the particular hybrid incompatibilities responsible for effecting this isolation differ among the populations tested. Hence, we conclude that they evolve and spread only at the local scale.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical variation in postzygotic isolation and its genetic basis within and between twoMimulusspecies

Martin

Willis

2010

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…To date, some of the best examples of studies assessing the relative strength of multifarious barriers have focused on monkeyflowers (Ramsey et al 2003;Martin and Willis 2007;Lowry et al 2008a), gingers (Kay 2006), darter fish (Mendelson et al 2007), walkingsticks (Nosil 2007), and ladybird beetles (Matsubayashi and Katakura 2009) (see also Nosil et al 2005;Lowry et al 2008b for meta-analyses using similar methods to reanalyze and collate the results from a broader array of systems). In general, the results of these studies support the assertion that most species pairs are reproductively isolated via the collective actions of multiple barriers (Mayr 1947;Coyne and Orr 2004), but without many more such studies, the ubiquity of this pattern remains speculative, particularly given the existence of notable exceptions (e.g., Gregory and Howard 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, cryptic barriers that are realized within the reproductive systems of hybridizing females have received increasing attention (e.g., Rieseberg et al 1995;Howard et al 1998;Price et al 2000;Chang 2004;Fricke and Arnqvist 2004a;Rahmé et al 2009). As a result, it is now clear that cryptic post-mating barriers can take a variety of forms (Eberhard 2009), including the failure of heterospecific sperm (or pollen) to survive or remain motile (Price et al 2000), the incompatibility of heterospecific sperm and eggs (Palumbi and Metz 1991), the tendency for conspecific sperm to outcompete heterospecific sperm in fertilizing the eggs of multiply-mated females (Howard 1999), the reduced fecundity of females that mate with heterospecific males (Nosil and Crespi 2006), and the early abortion of F1 embryos (Matsubayashi and Katakura 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such cryptic reproductive barriers are important, not only because they can substantially limit genetic exchange between species (e.g., Howard et al 1998;Ramsey et al 2003;Matsubayashi and Katakura 2009), but also because their existence can influence the evolution of other reproductive barriers. For example, Servedio and Noor (2003) discussed how, in response to low hybrid fitness, selection might favor the evolution of conspecific sperm precedence (CSP), the establishment of which would reduce the cost of mating 'mistakes' for females.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cryptic gametic interactions confer both conspecific and heterospecific advantages in the Chrysochus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) hybrid zone

et al. 2011

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Most species pairs are isolated through the collective action of a suite of barriers. Recent work has shown that cryptic barriers such as conspecific sperm precedence can be quite strong, suggesting that they evolve quickly. However, because the strength of multiple barriers has been formally quantified in very few systems, the relative speed with which conspecific sperm precedence evolves remains unclear. Here, we measure the strength of both conspecific sperm precedence and cryptic non-competitive isolation between the hybridizing sister species, Chrysochus auratus and C. cobaltinus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), and compare the strength of those barriers to the strength of other known reproductive barriers in this system. Overall, cryptic barriers in this system are weaker than other barriers, indicating that they have not evolved rapidly. Furthermore, their evolution has been asymmetric. Non-competitive barriers substantially reduce the production of hybrid offspring by C. auratus females but not by C. cobaltinus females. In multiply-mated C. cobaltinus females, heterospecific sperm outcompete conspecific sperm, as evidenced by the fact that heterospecific males sired disproportionately more offspring than predicted from the results for singly-mated females. In C. auratus females, neither sperm type has a competitive advantage. Such asymmetries explain why nearly all F1 hybrids in the field are from crosses between C. cobaltinus females and C. auratus males. We discuss these findings in terms of understanding the cost of mating 'mistakes' in the Chrysochus hybrid zone. In addition, our discovery that 95% confidence intervals for commonly-used isolation statistics can be very wide has important implications for speciation research. Specifically, to avoid biases in the interpretation of such isolation metrics, we suggest that studies should routinely include error estimates in their analyses of reproductive isolation.

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“…Funk et al 2006). Although events such as genome duplications can lead to complete isolation from a single reproductive barrier, complete isolation is more commonly caused by the cumulative effect of multiple incomplete barriers (Lowry et al 2008a;Matsubayashi and Katakura 2009;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response to natural selection in Senecio lautus

Richards¹

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Natural selection is the established force driving evolutionary change in populations, however the link between selection and the formation of new species is much less concrete. There is a growing body of evidence that differences in ecological conditions within a species range can lead to adaptive changes in both appearance and underlying genetic background that can lead to the formation of discrete and divergent populations. When these differences accumulate to a degree that prevents genetic exchange, these populations may satisfy many of the categories defining distinct species. In the works described in this thesis, I examine the mechanisms of natural selection driving evolutionary divergence between three adjacent populations of Senecio lautus, a native Australian plant. First, I describe the phenotypic differences that have accumulated between the three populations and use empirical experiments to show that these changes are most likely the result of adaptation to divergent ecological conditions. In the second chapter I examine whether this adaptation to local conditions can influence the rate of gene exchange between populations by quantifying a range of potential ecological and genetic mechanisms that may influence the ability of populations to breed with one another. Results from this experiment suggest that intrinsic genetic differences between populations do not affect gene exchange and that the main barrier to gene flow between populations is associated with different patterns of adaptation preventing immigrant plants from establishing. These findings are consistent with the theories of ecological speciation, where speciation occurs primarily as a result of environmental factors, and I specifically test this hypothesis in chapter IV. The prediction of ecologically dependent hybrid fitness is a unique prediction of ecological speciation, and I use field based reciprocal transplant experiments to determine whether this pattern is observed between S. lautus ecotypes. Together, these chapters provide evidence that natural selection based on ecological variation drives phenotypic divergence between populations, is the major factor preventing gene exchange between populations, and leads to patterns of hybrid fitness that are consistent with the theoretical predictions of ecological speciation.3

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Contribution of Multiple Isolating Barriers to Reproductive Isolation Between a Pair of Phytophagous Ladybird Beetles

Cited by 70 publications

References 83 publications

Geographical variation in postzygotic isolation and its genetic basis within and between twoMimulusspecies

Geographical variation in postzygotic isolation and its genetic basis within and between twoMimulusspecies

Cryptic gametic interactions confer both conspecific and heterospecific advantages in the Chrysochus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) hybrid zone

Response to natural selection in Senecio lautus

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