Contribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitro-derivatives to the carcinogenic impact of diesel engine exhaust condensate evaluated by implantation into the lungs of rats

Cancer Risk Assessment, Indicators, and Guidelines for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Ambient Air

“…In the early 1900s it was widely recognized that soot, coal tar, and pitch are carcinogenic to man (Dipple 1985). More recent animal experiments have shown that the carcinogenic activity of PAHs in vehicle exhaust extracts is associated mainly with the fraction containing compounds composed of four to seven aromatic rings (Grimmer et al , 1984. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC 1984a(IARC ,b, 1985(IARC , 1987b(IARC , 1989a has evaluated several different PAH-containing materials or mixtures and occupational situations in which exposure to PAHs occurs.…”

Exposure to carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic compounds and health risk assessment for diesel-exhaust exposed workers

“…Although nitro-PAH concentration in DEPs (Campbell and Lee 1984) is reported to be of the same order as PAHs with more than four rings (Soontjens et al 1997;Sauvain et al 2001), these nitroarenes have not been regarded in this work. They have been shown to be less mutagenic than the PAHs as a group for human cells (Durant et al 1996), and are less effective than PAHs in the induction of lung cancer when implanted into the lungs of rats (Grimmer et al 1987). This last study indicated that most of the PAC carcinogenicity of diesel exhaust originates from compounds with four rings and more.…”

Contribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Other Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds to the Carcinogenicity of Combustion Source and Air Pollution

“…4, the effect of 10 mg of exhaust condensate may be compared with that of 0.28 mg of its PAH-fraction in the case of a rat lung implantation (5). The lower part of the figure shows results obtained from the topical application onto the skin of mice.…”

“…Figure 2 shows the various fractions which have been tested by implantation into the lungs of Osborne-Mendel rats (9).…”