“…In our previous work, we found that the NBO was associated with reduced PPD symptoms in mothers of healthy term infants (Nugent, Bartlett, & Valim, 2014), while Shah (2018) reported that the NBO was effective in ameliorating maternal perinatal anxiety symptoms in a sample of women diagnosed with anxiety during pregnancy. Previous literature also suggests that the NBO promotes parents' ability to read their infant's cues (Dittz, Alves, Duarte, & Magalhães, 2017;Guimarães, Lindgren Alves, Cardoso, Penido, & de Castro Magalhães, 2017;McManus & Nugent, 2014;Simkin-Tran, Harman, & Nicolson, 2020) and improve provider confidence to work with medically fragile newborns (Kristensen, Vinter, Nickell, & Kronborg, 2019;McManus & Nugent, 2011). In a nonrandomised cluster-controlled design, Høifødt et al (2020) found that in a well-functioning, well-educated sample of mothers of full-term infants, mothers learned significantly more from the follow-up about the baby's signals and needs in relation to sleep/wake patterns, social interaction, and crying/fussiness, but the NBO was not associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms and parenting stress at 4 months postpartum.…”