Contribution of Tobacco Smoke Exposure to Learning Disabilities

Anderko, Laura; Braun, Joe M.

doi:10.1111/j.1552-6909.2009.01093.x

Cited by 28 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…It is interesting to note that similar estimates reported from previous studies 4,6,7,13,26 were mainly related to prenatal childhood SHS exposure. The present study also finds, for the first time, a 50% increased odds of having 2 or 3 of the parentreported child neurobehavioral disorders investigated jointly.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Such adjusted ORs are in agreement with similar associations found in studies conducted in the United States and elsewhere. 4,6,7,13,26 Population- attributable estimates differ from earlier estimates on the basis of different child age distributions. 4,27 Assuming a causal relationship, 274 100 excess cases of these 3 disorders could have been prevented had the children been not exposed to SHS in their homes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 45%

“…3 The overall weighted prevalence rates of the 3 childhood neurobehavioral disorders investigated also were consistent with recent estimates in the United States (8.2%, 5.9%, and 3.6%, respectively). 4,10,11,13 In general, children exposed to SHS at home had a 50% or more increased odds of developing neurobehavioral health outcomes compared with children not exposed to SHS at home. The moderated odds, with the inclusion of household member smoking status, may be attributable to the exposure of children to SHS at home from household members smoking in their presence (eg, in cars or elsewhere outside of the home).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 There is recent emerging evidence of the etiologic contribution of environmental factors, including tobacco smoke, to cognitive, behavioral, and developmental disorders of childhood, which are not explained on a solely genetic basis. 4,5,6,7 Neurobehavioral diseases are associated with substantial morbidity and economic costs, affecting an estimated 3% to 8% of school-aged children each year and accounting for ϳ$9.2 billion in total annual costs. 8,9 Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), learning disabilities, and conduct disorders often are comorbid.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More than 6 million children in the United States ages 6 through 21 years are affected by learning disabilities, with a prevalence of 10.6% based on parent reports. 4 Behavioral and conduct disorders are characterized by persistent behavioral patterns in children and an increased risk for drug and alcohol abuse, antisocial personality disorder, and anxiety-related disorders. 9,13 Significant associations often have been observed between prenatal tobacco smoke exposure and these neurobehavioral disorders among children, [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] whereas increased rates (eg, a twofold increased risk of ADHD and 60% increased odds of learning disabilities) also have been observed in association with postnatal SHS exposure.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Neurobehavioral Disorders Among Children in the United States

2011

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OBJECTIVES: The association between parent-reported postnatal secondhand tobacco smoke exposure in the home and neurobehavioral disorders (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, learning disabilities, and conduct disorders) among children younger than 12 years in the United States was examined using the 2007 National Survey on Children's Health. Excess neurobehavioral disorders attributable to secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in the home in 2007 were further investigated. METHODS: The methods used in this study were multivariable logistic regression models that accounted for potential confounders and complex survey designs to evaluate associations. RESULTS: A total of 6% of 55 358 children (aged < 12 years), corresponding to a weighted total of 4.8 million children across the United States, were exposed to SHS in the home. The weighted prevalence and 95% confidence intervals of each of the children's neurobehavioral outcomes were 8.2% (7.5–8.8) with learning disabilities, 5.9% (5.5–6.4) with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and 3.6% (3.1–4.0) with behavioral and conduct disorders. Children exposed to SHS at home had a 50% increased odds of having ≥2 childhood neurobehavioral disorders compared with children who were not exposed to SHS. Boys had a significantly higher risk. Older children, especially those aged 9 to 11 years, and those living in households with the highest poverty levels were at greater risk. In absolute terms, 274 100 excess cases in total of these 3 disorders could have been prevented if children had not been exposed to SHS in their homes. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the study, which are associational and not necessarily causal, underscore the health burden of childhood neurobehavioral disorders that may be attributable to SHS exposure in homes in the United States.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 45%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Neurobehavioral Disorders Among Children in the United States

2011

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Tobacco smoke exposure in children and adolescents

Zacharasiewicz

Horak

Fazekas

et al. 2012

Monatsschr Kinderheilkd

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Die Lancet-Arbeitsgruppe der "non communicable diseases" bezeichnet die Tabakkontrolle als die wichtigste Maßnahme, die Todesrate um 2% pro Jahr zu senken und dadurch zehntausend Millionen vorzeitige Todesfälle in diesem Jahrhundert zu verhindern. Das wichtigste Ziel dabei ist eine weitgehend tabakfreie Welt bis 2040 mit einer Raucherrate unter 5% [4]. Beim Erreichen dieses Ziels nimmt der Pädiater als regelmäßiger Ansprechpartner und Vertrauter der Eltern eine entscheidende Rolle in der Tabakprävention ein.

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Das Fetale Tabaksyndrom – Ein Statement der Österreichischen Gesellschaften für Allgemein- und Familienmedizin (ÖGAM), Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe (ÖGGG), Hygiene, Mikrobiologie und Präventivmedizin (ÖGHMP), Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde (ÖGKJ) sowie Pneumologie (ÖGP)

Horák

Fazekas

Zacharasiewicz

et al. 2011

Wien Klin Wochenschr

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Over more than 50 years, the nocuous effects of smoking in pregnancy on the fetus are well known. In the first years of science the focus was primarily on restricted fetal growth while in more recent years over 10.000 studies investigated the incomparably big sum of detrimental effects for the unborn's health. In this statement we want to present the recent scientific findings on this topic. The statement is aimed to show all doctors who treat pregnant women the present situation and evidence. In the beginning we give a short overview about the epidemiological situation in Europe. Then we present step by step the health effects with regards to pathophysiology and clinics. Furthermore the reader will learn about possibilities for smoking cessation in pregnancy. The problem of passive-smoking in pregnancy will be dealt with in a separate chapter. At present there is strong evidence that pregnant smoking has a detrimental effect on birth-weight, placenta-associated disease, stillbirth, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), childhood overweight, clefts, lung function, asthma, cardiovascular diseases and mental developmental disorders. These factors can be summarized by the term Fetal Tobacco Syndrome. There is supply for more studies for less investigated health effects. Pregnancy is a chance to stop smoking as most women show a high motivation in this period. Hence doctors of all disciplines should inform pregnant women about the detrimental effects of smoking on their unborn child and show them possibilities for smoking cessation.

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Contribution of Tobacco Smoke Exposure to Learning Disabilities

Cited by 28 publications

References 25 publications

Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Neurobehavioral Disorders Among Children in the United States

Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Neurobehavioral Disorders Among Children in the United States

Tobacco smoke exposure in children and adolescents

Das Fetale Tabaksyndrom – Ein Statement der Österreichischen Gesellschaften für Allgemein- und Familienmedizin (ÖGAM), Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe (ÖGGG), Hygiene, Mikrobiologie und Präventivmedizin (ÖGHMP), Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde (ÖGKJ) sowie Pneumologie (ÖGP)

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