“…This will require its further clarification as a set of testable propositions. A range of methodologies exist that can drive forward this empirical testing and refinement including experimentation (Margetts, ), the analysis of administrative data (Andrews, Boyne and Walker, ), ethnographic study (Huby, Harris and Grant, ) and longitudinal research (Wond and Macaulay, ). Inter alia , key issues for the research agenda include - testing and refining the conceptualization of co‐production provided here across a range of areas of public service delivery in order to clarify the extent to which it is a general model or to which there are industry‐specific issues to be taken into account;
- in particular, exploring the boundaries of the service user and citizen roles, the extent to which they are mutually dependent, and their implications for the nature of co‐production;
- evaluating a range of public policy and public service delivery options for facilitating the different modes of co‐production identified here, to identify and consider their contingencies;
- exploring the implications of unwilling, coerced and multiple service users for this framework;
- similarly, considering the range of relationships that a user might have with their service over time (some public services may be used continuously whilst others may require periodic or sporadic usage) and the implications of this for the nature of co‐production;
- examining the contribution that ICT and digital technology can make to the practice of co‐production;
- scrutinizing specific cases where co‐production has failed or proved difficult to facilitate in order to clarify its limitations; and
- assessing the key skills that policy‐makers, service professionals and service users require to optimize the potential for co‐production, as well as the range of mechanisms for enabling the development of these skills.
Only once such an agenda has been pursued will the full utility, and limitations, of this new framework be clearly elucidated.…”