Contributions of innate lymphocytes to allergic responses

Abstract

Purpose of Review.-Allergic diseases represent a growing global health concern, especially among pediatric populations. Current strategies for the treatment of allergies and asthma focus on limiting the severity of the symptoms; however, additional research investigating the mechanisms promoting inflammation in the context of allergic reactions may lead to the development of more effective therapeutic strategies. Recent findings.-Novel studies have highlighted the contributions of innate lymphocytes to the induction of inflammatory responses to allergens. Remarkably, neuron-derived signals, hormones, and even vitamins have been suggested to modulate the activity of innate lymphocytes, opening new windows of opportunity for the treatment of allergic inflammation Summary.-These studies highlight the complex interactions of the nervous, endocrine and immune system that promote pathology in the context of allergic inflammation. Further studies are required to understand these interactions in order to aid in the development of novel and muchneeded therapies to treat allergic conditions.

Communication is key: Innate immune cells regulate host protection to helminths

“…While eosinophils can be recruited by both chemokines and cytokine alarmins ( 31 , 96 , 97 ), IL-5 produced by helminth-activated ILC2s and T H 2 cells is a dominant regulator of infection-induced eosinophilia ( 98 , 99 ). Consistent with these reports, mice lacking productive IL-5/IL-5R signaling are less able to mount an eosinophilic response and are less efficient at clearing T. spiralis ( 92 , 98 ).…”