Contributions of parental alcoholism, prenatal substance exposure, and genetic transmission to child ADHD risk: a female twin study

Knopik, Valerie S.; Sparrow, Elizabeth P.; Madden, Pamela A. F.; Bucholz, Kathleen K.; Hudziak, James J.; Reich, Wendy; Slutske, Wendy S.; Grant, Julia D.; McLaughlin, Tara; Todorov, Alexandre A.; Todd, Richard D.; Heath, Andrew C.

doi:10.1017/s0033291704004155

Cited by 181 publications

(180 citation statements)

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“…Consistent with results from our previous work with adolescent female twins (Knopik et al 2005), no significant evidence for GrE interaction was observed. Thus, prenatal smoking may not be an important moderator of genetic influences on risk (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…An early review (Barkley, 1990) revealed that 14-25 % of parents of ADHD children were alcoholic and that non-alcohol-dependent parents of ADHD children typically consumed more alcohol than parents of non-ADHD children. More recent studies (Roizen et al 1996 ;Knopik et al 2005) have also found significantly elevated rates of ADHD in the offspring of alcoholic parents ; however, inconsistent findings have also been reported (Schuckit et al 1987 ;Reich et al 1993). Thus, the origins of this relationship remain controversial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…impaired parenting, ETS), and offspring outcomes. While there is evidence that genetic influences underlie risk for alcohol use (Heath et al 1991), abuse and dependence (Cadoret et al 1995, Knopik et al 2004, and ADHD (Thapar et al 1999;Knopik et al 2005), the existing literature on genetic covariation between ADHD and alcohol abuse/dependence is limited and does not focus specifically on these two phenotypes. Rather, the work focuses on latent factors of behavioral disinhibition (including conduct disorder, ADHD, substance dependence, and novelty seeking ; Young et al 2000) or other externalizing behaviors (including conduct disorder, adult antisocial behavior, alcohol dependence, and drug dependence ; Hicks et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maternal alcohol use disorder and offspring ADHD: disentangling genetic and environmental effects using a children-of-twins design

et al. 2006

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maternal alcohol use disorder and offspring ADHD: disentangling genetic and environmental effects using a children-of-twins design

et al. 2006

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“…Genetic risk for antisocial behavior may contribute to a mother's likelihood of SDP and may confer vulnerability to externalizing problems when inherited by offspring. Standard correlational (Button, Thapar, & McGuffin, 2005;Knopik et al, 2005;Maughan, Taylor, Caspi, & Moffitt, 2004;Thapar et al, 2003) have used an approach, including a measure of SDP in a standard twin study, that assumes the relation is purely environmental (Purcell & Koenen, 2005;Turkheimer, D'Onofrio, Maes, & Eaves, 2005). Therefore, previous studies have been unable to explore the possibility that passive rGE accounts for observed relations between SDP and externalizing.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Standard correlational research approaches, in which environmental and genetic risks are confounded, are ineffective in delineating whether associations between externalizing problems and SDP are due to environmental causation or passive rGE (D'Onofrio et al, 2003;Moffitt, 2005;Rutter, Pickles, Murray, & Eaves, 2001). Moreover, most of the genetically informed studies of SDP and externalizing problems in offspring (Button, Thapar, & McGuffin, 2005;Knopik et al, 2005;Maughan, Taylor, Caspi, & Moffitt, 2004;Thapar et al, 2003) have used an approach, including a measure of SDP in a standard twin study, that assumes the relation is purely environmental (Purcell & Koenen, 2005;Turkheimer, D'Onofrio, Maes, & Eaves, 2005). Therefore, previous studies have been unable to explore the possibility that passive rGE accounts for observed relations between SDP and externalizing.…”

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Smoking during pregnancy and offspring externalizing problems: An exploration of genetic and environmental confounds

et al. 2008

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Previous studies have documented that smoking during pregnancy (SDP) is associated with offspring externalizing problems, even when measured covariates were used to control for possible confounds. However, the association may be due to non-measured environmental and genetic factors that increase risk for offspring externalizing problems. The current project used the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and their children, ages 4-10 years, to explore the relations between SDP and offspring conduct problems (CP), oppositional-defiant problems (ODP), and attention deficit hyperactivity problems (ADHP) using methodological and statistical controls for confounds. When offspring were compared to their own siblings who differed in their exposure to prenatal nicotine, there was no effect of SDP on offspring CP and ODP. This suggests that SDP does not have a causal effect on offspring CP and ODP. There was a small association between SDP and ADHP, consistent with a causal effect of SDP, but the magnitude of the association was greatly reduced by methodological and statistical controls. Genetically informed analyses suggest that unmeasured environmental variables influencing both SDP and offspring externalizing behaviors account for the previously observed associations. That is, the current analyses imply that important unidentified environmental factors account for the association between SDP and offspring externalizing problems, not teratogenic effects of SDP. Keywordssmoking during pregnancy; conduct problems; externalizing problems; ADHD; children of twins; causation Smoking during pregnancy (SDP) has been consistently linked with externalizing problems in offspring, particularly in males (reviews in Cnattingius, 2004;Huizink & Mulder, 2005;Wakschlag & Hans, 2002;Wakschlag, Pickett, Cook, Benowitz, & Leventhal, 2002). SDP has been associated with parent-reported conduct problems (Ernst, 2001), arrest history from national crime registries (Brennan, Grekin, & Mednick, 1999;Rasanen et al., 1999), contact 2 All correspondence should be sent to: Brian D'Onofrio, PhD, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E. 10th St., Bloomington, IN 47405, bmdonofr@indiana.edu. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptDev Psychopathol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2013 August 08. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscriptwith police obtained by city police records (Gibson, Piquero, & Tibbets, 2000), Oppositional Defiant Disorder (Wakschlag & Keenan, 2001), Conduct Disorder (Fergusson, Woodward, & Horwood, 1998;Wakschlag & Hans, 2002;Wakschlag & Keenan, 2001;Wakschlag et al., 1997;Weissman, Warner, Wickramaratne, & Kandel, 1999) and Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (Mick, Biederman, Faraone, Sayer, & Kleinman, 2002;Rodriguez & Bohlin, 2005).Reviews of the literature note that the association is consistent with a causal connection because the association is specific to externalizing problems, has been found across diverse samples and measures, demonstr...

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Familial Confounding of the Association Between Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Offspring Criminality

D’Onofrio

Singh

Iliadou

et al. 2010

Arch Gen Psychiatry

108

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Context The association between maternal smoking during pregnancy (SDP) and offspring disruptive behaviors has been well documented, but it is unclear whether exposure to SDP or the effects of factors correlated with SDP account for the increased risk. Objective To test whether the association between SDP and offspring criminal convictions was consistent with a causal connection or due to familial background factors by controlling for measured covariates and using a quasi-experimental approach. Design We used a population-based study of children born in Sweden from 1983–1989 (N=609,372) to examine the association between SDP and offspring criminal convictions, while controlling for measured traits of both parents. We also compared siblings differentially exposed to SDP (N=50,339) to account for unmeasured familial factors that could account for the association. Setting Population-based study of all children born in Sweden from 1983–1989 with information on maternal SDP and offspring criminal convictions, based on national registries collected by the Swedish government. Main Outcome Measures Violent and nonviolent convictions, based on the Swedish National Crime Register, a register with detailed information on all convictions in the country. Results Moderate (HR=2.47, CI=2.34–2.60) and high levels (HR=3.43, CI=3.25–3.63) of maternal SDP was associated with an increased risk for offspring violent convictions, even when controlling for maternal and paternal traits. There was no association between SDP and violent convictions, however, when comparing differentially exposed siblings (HRmoderate=1.02, CI=0.79–1.30; HRhigh=1.03, CI=0.78–1.37). SDP also was associated with nonviolent convictions in the entire population (HRmoderate=1.62, CI=1.58–1.66; HRhigh=1.87, CI=1.82–1.92) and when controlling for covariates. But, there was no association when comparing siblings who were differentially exposed (HRmoderate=0.89, CI=0.78–1.01; HRhigh=0.89, CI=0.78–1.02). Conclusions The results suggest that familial background factors account for the association between maternal SDP and criminal convictions, not the specific exposure to SDP.

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Contributions of parental alcoholism, prenatal substance exposure, and genetic transmission to child ADHD risk: a female twin study

Cited by 181 publications

References 36 publications

Maternal alcohol use disorder and offspring ADHD: disentangling genetic and environmental effects using a children-of-twins design

Maternal alcohol use disorder and offspring ADHD: disentangling genetic and environmental effects using a children-of-twins design

Smoking during pregnancy and offspring externalizing problems: An exploration of genetic and environmental confounds

Familial Confounding of the Association Between Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Offspring Criminality

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