Contributions of pitch and bandwidth to sound-induced enhancement of visual cortex excitability in humans

Spierer, Lucas; Manuel, Aurélie L.; Bueti, Domenica; Murray, Micah M.

doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2013.01.001

Cited by 28 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In line with this idea, sounds can activate visual cortices <100ms post-stimulus, control behaviour directly and do so outside of the observer's awareness (e.g. Spierer et al 2013;Sutherland et al 2014). For example, visual cortex excitability, driven by a TMS pulse over occipital areas and measured by phosphene perception, can be enhanced by concomitant presentation of sounds as early as 60-75ms before the TMS stimulation onset (Romei et al 2007).…”

Section: Early Msi As a Hallmark Of A Bottom-up Multisensory Processmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…The co-activation and expectation mechanisms are not mutually exclusive ( Figure 1A).Notably, the detection of congruence across certain perceptual features of multisensory stimuli might sometimes have a more hardwired nature, which is possibly based on the properties of receptive fields of multisensory neurons ( Figure 1A). The detection of the looming quality within multisensory stimuli results in stronger MSI across autonomic, behavioural, and neural responses when compared with stationary multisensory stimuli Spierer et al 2013;Tyll et al 2013;Cecere et al 2014;Finisguerra et al 2015). For example, visual "go/nogo" movement detection judgements are faster if the visual stimuli are accompanied by irrelevant looming sounds, compared tostationary or receding sounds, and these selective benefits are linked to early brain-response modulations within temporal, parietal, and occipital cortices as well as, notably, the amygdala (Cappe et al , 2012.…”

Section: Stimulus-based Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The COGs (context, object, and goals) in multisensory processing

et al. 2016

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Our understanding of how perception operates in real-world environments has been substantially advanced by studying both multisensoryprocesses and "top-down" control processes influencing sensory processing via activity from higher-order brain areas, such as attention, memory, and expectations. As the two topicshave been traditionally studied separately, the mechanisms orchestrating real-world multisensory processingremain unclear.Past work has revealed that the observer's goals gate the influence of many multisensory processes on brain and behavioural responses, whereas some other multisensory processes mightoccur independently of these goals. Consequently, other forms of top-down control beyond goaldependence are necessaryto explain the full range of multisensory effects currently reported at the brain and the cognitive level. These forms of control includesensitivity to stimulus context as well as the detection of matches(or lack thereof) between a multisensory stimulus and categorical attributes of naturalistic objects (e.g. tools, animals). In this review we discuss and integrate the existing findings that demonstrate the importance of such goal-, object-and context-based top-down control over multisensory processing. We then put forward a few principles emerging from this literature review with respect to the mechanisms underlying multisensory processing, and discuss their possible broader implications. Attention, multisensory, control, object, audiovisual, brain mapping 3 Research from the past 30 years has demonstrated a whole range of behavioural benefits engendered by integrating information across the senses (multisensory integration, MSI), including faster motor responses and facilitated object recognition in noisy environments (e.g. Stein 2012). In a separate and independent manner, studies employing unisensory stimuli have been critically advancing our understanding of the nature and the importance of top-down mechanisms that control information processing. Thetopdown nature of these mechanisms lies in that they shape perceptual processing of new inputs by activating information stored in higher-order brain areas (e.g. Summerfield and Egner 2009). Key words:Studies of top-down control have traditionally focused on attentional (i.e. goaldependent)mechanisms, which promote the processing of stimulior objects in the environment that areimportant tothe current behavioural goals of the observer (e.g.Desimone and Duncan 1995). These mechanisms enhance the processing of stimuli appearing in task-relevant spatial locations and/or moments in time. These mechanisms likewise facilitate the processingof those stimuli whose attributes (e.g. colour red), feature dimensions (e.g. shape) or identity (e.g. a particular face) match the observer's goals.Simultaneously, it has been increasingly recognised in the literature that information processing issensitive to other types oftop-down processes, principally those gauged by thememory of past stimulation and one's expectations (see Figure 1A for a summar...

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Section: Early Msi As a Hallmark Of A Bottom-up Multisensory Processmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Stimulus-based Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The COGs (context, object, and goals) in multisensory processing

et al. 2016

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“…However, both the LDAP and the cuetriggered changes in alpha-band activity are typically manifested as increased activity over the occipital hemisphere ipsilateral to the cued hemifield. These ipsilateral changes have been interpreted in terms of active suppression of the to-be-ignored visual hemifield ( In a recent series of studies, the presentation of a sound was found to increase the rate of perceiving phosphenes that were induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation over the visual cortex (Romei et al, 2007(Romei et al, , 2009(Romei et al, , 2013Bolognini et al, 2010;Spierer et al, 2013). This sound-induced facilitatory effect on cortical excitability begins as early as 30 ms after sound onset (Spierer et al, 2013) and was associated with phase-locking of the alpha rhythm in visual areas (Romei et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, a lateralized auditory cue can improve the detection and discrimination of a colocalized visual target (Dufour, 1999;McDonald et al, 2000;Frassinetti et al, 2002; for review, see Spence and Driver, 2004;Leo et al, 2011), hasten perceptual awareness of the target (McDonald et al, 2005), and increase the apparent luminance contrast of the target (Störmer et al, 2009). These cross-modal cueing effects may be a consequence of the orienting of visual attention toward the location of the salient sound (McDonald et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sounds Activate Visual Cortex and Improve Visual Discrimination

et al. 2014

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“…Several independent laboratories have now demonstrated that non-visual stimuli enhance the excitability of low-level visual cortices within the occipital pole (Bolognini et al, 2010;Ramos-Estebanez et al, 2007;Romei et al, 2007Romei et al, , 2009Spierer et al, 2013; see also Leo et al, 2011;Cecere et al, 2014). In these studies, the experimenters first identified the PT for each participant and then set the TMS intensity at a level below this PT value so that, under baseline conditions, phosphenes were reported on roughly 30-40% of trials.…”

Section: Brain Stimulation (Tms/tacs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The multisensory function of the human primary visual cortex

et al. 2016

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2It has been nearly ten years since Ghazanfar and Schroeder (2006) proposed that the neocortex is essentially multisensory in nature. However, it is only recently that sufficient and hard evidence that supports this proposal has accrued. We review evidence that activity within the human primary visual cortex plays an active role in multisensory processes and directly impacts behavioural outcome. This evidence emerges from a full pallet of human brain imaging and brain mapping methods with which multisensory processes are quantitatively assessed by taking advantage of particular strengths of each technique as well as advances in signal analyses. Several general conclusions about multisensory processes in primary visual cortex of humans are supported relatively solidly. First, haemodynamic methods (fMRI/PET) show that there is both convergence and integration occurring within primary visual cortex. Second, primary visual cortex is involved in multisensory processes during early post-stimulus stages (as revealed by EEG/ERP/ERFs as well as TMS). Third, multisensory effects in primary visual cortex directly impact behaviour and perception, as revealed by correlational (EEG/ERPs/ERFs) as well as more causal measures (TMS/tACS). While the provocative claim of Ghazanfar and Schroeder (2006) that the whole of neocortex is multisensory in function has yet to be demonstrated, this can now be considered established in the case of the human primary visual cortex.

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Contributions of pitch and bandwidth to sound-induced enhancement of visual cortex excitability in humans

Cited by 28 publications

References 35 publications

The COGs (context, object, and goals) in multisensory processing

The COGs (context, object, and goals) in multisensory processing

Sounds Activate Visual Cortex and Improve Visual Discrimination

The multisensory function of the human primary visual cortex

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