Contributions of Superior and Inferior Tentacles to Learned Food-Avoidance Behavior in Limax marginatus

Kimura, Tetsuya; Iwama, Akifumi; Sekiguchi, Toshio

doi:10.2108/zsj.16.595

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Although we demonstrated the learning ability of the ITamputated slugs, these data are not congruent with a previous report (Kimura et al, 1999) showing that post-conditioning amputation of IT abolished the ability to retain or retrieve odor-aversion memory. There are several possible explanations for this disagreement.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…In the present study, we examined the roles of STs and ITs in the acquisition and the retrieval of odoraversion memory by surgically amputating tentacle pairs. Kimura et al (Kimura et al, 1999) have previously investigated the effect of amputation of STs or ITs after olfactory conditioning on the retention and/or retrieval of olfactory aversive memory. They showed that IT amputation after conditioning degraded memory retrieval, whereas ST amputation had no such effect, suggesting that the olfactory inputs from the ITs were important for the retention and/or retrieval of aversive memory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Redundancy of olfactory sensory pathways for odor-aversion memory in the terrestrial slug Limax valentianus

Yamagishi

Ito

Matsuo

2008

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Terrestrial slugs Limax valentianus (Férussac 1822) (12-16 weeks post hatching) have been maintained in our laboratory at 19°C for at least nine generations as a closed colony. They have been fed only on a diet of humidified powder mixture consisting of 521·g rat chow (Oriental Yeast, Tokyo, Japan), 500·g wheat starch (Wako Pure Chemicals, Osaka, Japan) and 21·g vitamins (Oriental Yeast). Accepted 1 April 2008 SUMMARY Terrestrial slugs have the ability to learn and remember a food odor paired with an aversive stimulus. Olfaction in slugs involves the tips of two pairs of tentacles, the superior and the inferior tentacles. Sensory nerves in both pairs of the tentacles transmit olfactory information to the structure in the CNS, the procerebrum where learning and memory formation occur. We investigated the role of each pair of tentacles in odor-aversion learning, and examined the ability of slugs to recall memory after selective surgical amputation. Our results show that memory formation was not altered by the amputation of either one of the pairs before or after odor-aversion learning, while the odor sensibility of the slugs was maintained. These data suggest that either pair of tentacles is sufficient for the acquisition and retrieval of aversive olfactory memory.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redundancy of olfactory sensory pathways for odor-aversion memory in the terrestrial slug Limax valentianus

Yamagishi

Ito

Matsuo

2008

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…It is interesting that PC responses to STN and ITN stimulations are the same, in spite of memory functions of PC [27,30,38,40] and functional differences between STs (orientation) and ITs (memory) [27][28][29][30][31]. This implies that direct olfactory inputs to PC would not explain the differences in memory functions between STs and ITs.…”

Section: Information Flows In the Whole Brainmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Noses of these animals are located on the tips of two pairs of tentacles (superior and inferior tentacles, STs and ITs). Several behavioral and physiological studies have revealed that there are functional differences between STs and ITs [27][28][29][30][31]; ST is involved in olfactory orientation [28], whereas IT is involved in learning [29] or retrieving odors [27,31]. Their brain can be dissected and isolated as a whole without a lose in the function of these olfactory organs [23,24,27,32,33].…”

Section: Information Flows In the Whole Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Underlying Intelligence Mechanisms of the Biological Olfactory System

Makino

Yano

2010

Advances in Artificial Intelligence

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The brain is the center of intelligence that biological systems have acquired during their evolutionary history. In unpredictably changing environments, animals use it to recognize the external world and to make appropriate behavioral decisions. Understanding the mechanisms underlying biological intelligence is important for the development of artificial intelligence. Olfaction is one of the sensory modalities that animals use to locate distant objects. Because of its relative simplicity compared with other sensory modalities and the wealth of knowledge at cellular, network, system, and psychophysical levels, it is possible that the biological olfactory system would be understood comprehensively. This paper reviews our biological and computational works with a focus on the temporal aspects of olfactory information processing. In addition, the paper highlights that the “time” dimension is essential for the functioning of the olfactory information processing system in the real world.

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“…Gastropod mollusks such as Aplysia, Limax, Hermissenda [9][10][11][12][13][14] and Lymnaea [15][16][17][18][19] are excellent model animals for understanding the causal neuronal mechanisms of learning and memory. In this decade, the Lukowiak's group in University of Calgary has tested the effects of EpiC on cognition in Lymnaea stagnalis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Tea-Derived Catechins Have Beneficial Effects on Cognition in the Pond Snail

Komatsuzaki¹,

Itoh²,

Saito³

2022

Update on Malacology

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Green tea has been used as a medicine in East Asia for thousands of years. Plant-derived compounds called flavanols, which are included in green tea, may have potentials to help maintain healthy brain function. In this chapter, we review the effects of flavanols, e.g. epicatechin (EpiC), on cognitive ability in the pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis. In this decade, the Lukowiak’s group has tested the effects of EpiC on cognition ability in Lymnaea. In a Lymnaea model system, they showed that EpiC and EpiC-containing foods have a rapid and activity-dependent effect enhancing the formation of long-term memory (LTM) following operant conditioning of aerial respiratory behavior. In the last part of this chapter, we also introduce our study for the effects of EpiC on LTM formation in another model system in Lymnaea. This study showed that EpiC increases the persistence of LTM formed by classical conditioning of feeding behavior, and suggested that EpiC alters some electrophysiological properties of a neuron in the feeding system.

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Contributions of Superior and Inferior Tentacles to Learned Food-Avoidance Behavior in Limax marginatus

Cited by 12 publications

References 22 publications

Redundancy of olfactory sensory pathways for odor-aversion memory in the terrestrial slug Limax valentianus

Redundancy of olfactory sensory pathways for odor-aversion memory in the terrestrial slug Limax valentianus

Investigating the Underlying Intelligence Mechanisms of the Biological Olfactory System

Green Tea-Derived Catechins Have Beneficial Effects on Cognition in the Pond Snail

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