Contributions of the Conserved Insect Carbon Dioxide Receptor Subunits to Odor Detection

Kumar, Arun; Tauxe, Genevieve M.; Perry, Sarah L.; Scott, Christi Ann; Dahanukar, Anupama; Ray, Anandasankar

doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2020.03.074

Cited by 22 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Overall, GRs had the lowest expression of the five major sensory gene classes surveyed in this study ( Figure 3 ) with only eight of the 36 GRs having an expression >1 FPKM in at least one sample ( Supplementary File 3 ). GR genes gr1 , gr2 , and gr3 have previously been reported to form a CO 2 -sensing complex in the maxillary palps ( Erdelyan et al, 2012 ; Ray, 2015 ; Fleischer et al, 2018 ; Kumar et al, 2020 ). Interestingly, all three of these GRs were among the seven with expression >1 FPKM in at least one sample of our antennal transcriptomes ( Supplementary File 3 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This non-significant elevation of ir75k.1 in Rock may also contribute to the observed differences in attraction between different strains ( Figure 1 ). Three GRs, gr1 (AAEL002380), gr2 (AAEL002167), and gr3 (AAEL010058) form complexes necessary for CO 2 sensation in mosquitoes ( Erdelyan et al, 2012 ; Ray, 2015 ; Fleischer et al, 2018 ; Kumar et al, 2020 ). We identified all three of these GRs in our antennal transcriptome data ( Supplementary File 3 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Olfaction-Related Gene Expression in the Antennae of Female Mosquitoes From Common Aedes aegypti Laboratory Strains

et al. 2021

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Adult female mosquitoes rely on olfactory cues like carbon dioxide and other small molecules to find vertebrate hosts to acquire blood. The molecular physiology of the mosquito olfactory system is critical for their host preferences. Many laboratory strains of the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti have been established since the late 19th century. These strains have been used for most molecular studies in this species. Some earlier comparative studies have identified significant physiological differences between different laboratory strains. In this study, we used a Y-tube olfactometer to determine the attraction of females of seven different strains of Ae. aegypti to a human host: UGAL, Rockefeller, Liverpool, Costa Rica, Puerto Rico, and two odorant receptor co-receptor (Orco) mutants Orco2 and Orco16. We performed RNA-seq using antennae of Rockefeller, Liverpool, Costa Rica, and Puerto Rico females. Our results showed that female Aedes aegypti from the Puerto Rico strain had significantly reduced attraction rates toward human hosts compared to all other strains. RNA-seq analyses of the antenna transcriptomes of Rockefeller, Liverpool, Costa Rica, and Puerto Rico strains revealed distinct differences in gene expression between the four strains, but conservation in gene expression patterns of known human-sensing genes. However, we identified several olfaction-related genes that significantly vary between strains, including receptors with significantly different expression in mosquitoes from the Puerto Rico strain and the other strains.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfaction-Related Gene Expression in the Antennae of Female Mosquitoes From Common Aedes aegypti Laboratory Strains

et al. 2021

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“…In Culex quinquefasciatus, both Gr2 and Gr3 carbon dioxide receptors are required, while Gr1 act as a modulator (Xu et al, 2020). In Aedes aegypti, the involvement of Gr2 in carbon dioxide responsiveness is still under debate (Erdelyan et al, 2012;Kumar et al, 2019). Taken together, the molecular elements required for carbon dioxide perception may be species-specific.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant-derived CO₂mediates long-distance host location and quality assessment by a root herbivore

Arce

Theepan

Schimmel

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Insect herbivores can use volatile and visual cues to locate and select suitable host plants from a distance. The importance of CO 2 , arguable the most conserved volatile marker of metabolic activity, is not well understood in this context, even though many herbivores are known to respond to minute differences in CO 2 concentrations. To address this gap of knowledge, we manipulated CO2 perception of the larvae of the western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera; WCR) through RNA interference and studied how CO 2 perception impacts their interaction with their host plant, maize (Zea mays). We show that the expression of a putative Group 2 carbon dioxide receptor, DvvGr2, is specifically required for larval responses to CO2. Silencing DvvGr2 has no major effect on the ability of WCR larvae to locate host plants at short distance (<10 cm), but increasingly impairs host location at greater distances, suggesting that WCR larvae integrate CO 2 with other volatile cues for host finding in a distance-specific manner. We further show that the larvae use CO 2 as a fitnessrelevant long-distance indicator of plant nutritional status: Maize plants that are well-fertilized emit more CO2 from their roots and are better hosts for WCR than plants that are nutrient-deficient, and the capacity of WCR larvae to distinguish between these plants depends exclusively on their capacity to perceive CO 2 through DvvGr2. This study unravels how CO 2 can mediate plant-herbivore interactions by serving as a distance-dependent host location and quality assessment cue.Keywords: Plant-herbivore interactions, foraging, volatile perception, behaviour, host location. 2012).So far, this model has not been experimentally validated, and the precise role of plant-derived CO2 as a host location cue by herbivores in general, and root herbivores in particular, remains unclear (Eilers et al., 2016). To the best of our knowledge, no studies so far have investigated the role of plant-derived CO 2 in plant-herbivore interactions in vivo using molecular manipulative approaches.The larvae of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (western corn rootworm, WCR) feed exclusively on maize roots and cause major yield losses in the US and Eastern Europe (Ciosi et al., 2008; Gray et al., 2009; Meinke et al., 2009; Toepfer et al., 2015). The larvae rely on a number of volatile and non-volatile chemicals to identify and locate host plants, distinguish between suitable and less-suitable maize plants and forage within the maize root system (Hiltpold et al., 2013; Johnson and Gregory, 2006; Johnson and Nielsen, 2012; Robert et al., 2012c; Schumann et al., 2018). Non-volatile primary metabolites such as sugars and fatty acids as well as secondary metabolites such as benzoxazinoids and phenolic acid conjugates modulate larval behaviour (Bernklau et al., 2011; Bernklau et al., 2015; Bernklau et al., 2016a; Bernklau et al., 2018b; Erb et al., 2015a; Hu et al., 2018; Huang et al., 2017; Robert et al., 2012c). Volatiles including (E)-βcaryophyllene, ethylene and CO2 attra...

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“…No GR co-receptor has been identified, and the functional organization of these genes remains to be elucidated [ 39 ]. An exception to the properties of their relatives are the receptors Gr21a and Gr63a, which serve a pseudo-olfactory function through their specific role in CO 2 sensation [ 40–43 ], a function conserved across insect families [ 42 ].…”

Section: Molecular Basis Of Chemosensationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The chemosensory system of the Drosophila larva: an overview of current understanding

Komarov

Sprecher

2021

Fly

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Animals must sense their surroundings and be able to distinguish between relevant and irrelevant cues. An enticing area of research aims to uncover the mechanisms by which animals respond to chemical signals that constitute critical sensory input. In this review, we describe the principles of a model chemosensory system: the Drosophila larva. While distinct in many ways, larval behaviour is reminiscent of the dogmatic goals of life: to reach a stage of reproductive potential. It takes into account a number of distinct and identifiable parameters to ultimately provoke or modulate appropriate behavioural output. In this light, we describe current knowledge of chemosensory anatomy, genetic components, and the processing logic of chemical cues. We outline recent advancements and summarize the hypothesized neural circuits of sensory systems. Furthermore, we note yet-unanswered questions to create a basis for further investigation of molecular and systemic mechanisms of chemosensation in Drosophila and beyond.

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Contributions of the Conserved Insect Carbon Dioxide Receptor Subunits to Odor Detection

Cited by 22 publications

References 21 publications

Olfaction-Related Gene Expression in the Antennae of Female Mosquitoes From Common Aedes aegypti Laboratory Strains

Olfaction-Related Gene Expression in the Antennae of Female Mosquitoes From Common Aedes aegypti Laboratory Strains

Plant-derived CO₂mediates long-distance host location and quality assessment by a root herbivore

The chemosensory system of the Drosophila larva: an overview of current understanding

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Contributions of the Conserved Insect Carbon Dioxide Receptor Subunits to Odor Detection

Cited by 22 publications

References 21 publications

Olfaction-Related Gene Expression in the Antennae of Female Mosquitoes From Common Aedes aegypti Laboratory Strains

Olfaction-Related Gene Expression in the Antennae of Female Mosquitoes From Common Aedes aegypti Laboratory Strains

Plant-derived CO2mediates long-distance host location and quality assessment by a root herbivore

The chemosensory system of the Drosophila larva: an overview of current understanding

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Product

Resources

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Plant-derived CO₂mediates long-distance host location and quality assessment by a root herbivore