Contributions to the physiology of the lungs

Dixon, W. E.; Brodie, T. G.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1903.sp000947

Cited by 228 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…195,196 Communications between the nose and the lower respiratory tract have been described in animal models, whereby stimulation of the nasal mucosa produces apnea and closure of the larynx. 195,197,198 In human subjects, the notion of a nasobronchial reflex, in the context of which nasal stimulation leads to bronchoconstriction, has been under debate, primarily because of inadequacy in the experimental design of some of the earlier studies. [199][200][201][202][203][204][205][206][207][208] More recently, the work of Fontanari et al 209,210 has offered adequate controls to confirm that the nasobronchial reflex does exist.…”

Section: The Nerves Of the Nose As A Conduit For Systemic Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the nervous system in rhinitis

Sarin¹,

Undem²,

Sanico³

et al. 2006

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

209

157

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Section: The Nerves Of the Nose As A Conduit For Systemic Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the nervous system in rhinitis

Sarin¹,

Undem²,

Sanico³

et al. 2006

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

209

157

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“…In many animal species, including man, pronounced respiratory and cardiovascular responses can be elicited by appropriate stimulation of the nasal mucous membrane. These responses have been studied by D. J. ALLISON AND D. A. POWIS many workers since they were first described by Kratschmer (1870) and may be evoked by mechanical and electrical stimuli and by chemical irritants such as ether vapour or tobacco smoke (Kratschmer, 1870;Lazarus, 1891;Dixon & Brodie, 1903;Allen, 1928;Angell James & Daly, 1969;Tomori & Widdicombe, 1969). The changes observed in the respiratory system are a reduction in breathing or apnoea, laryngeal spasm and bronchoconstriction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adrenal catecholamine secretion during stimulation of the nasal mucous membrane in the rabbit

Allison¹,

Powis²

1971

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Left adrenal venous blood was collected in anaesthetized rabbits and analysed for catecholamine content by either a fluorimetric technique or a bio-assay method using the blood pressure of the pithed rat.2. Stimulation of the nasal mucous membrane with ether vapour or water caused apnoea, bradycardia, a rise in arterial blood pressure and an increase in adrenal medullary catecholamine secretion.3. During the pre-stimulation control periods adrenaline constituted 66 % of the total catecholamine present in adrenal venous blood and noradrenaline 34 %. These proportions altered during stimulation of the nasal mucous membrane to 72 and 28 % respectively. Electrical stimulation of the left splanchnic nerve produced a secretion composed almost entirely of adrenaline.4. The increased catecholamine output elicited during stimulation of the nose occurred in animals whose pulmonary ventilation was maintained constant by means of a pump. It was abolished, however, by local anaesthesia of the nasal passages or by surgical division of the left splanchnic nerve.5. The increased secretion of catecholamines is therefore reflex in nature, and evidence is presented that it is the result of a primary reflex from the nose.

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“…water in different experiments (Konzett and Rbssler, 1940 In a few experiments the compliance and expiratory resistance of the lungs were measured by a modification of the method used by Dixon and Brodie (1903) and by Comroe, Nisell and Nims (1954). The lungs were ventilated by negative pressure as described above and the tidal air volume was recorded on a fast-moving paper by means of a spirometer.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Effects of Anticholinesterases on the Bronchioles and Pulmonary Blood Vessels in Isolated Perfused Lungs of the Dog

Daly

1957

British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy

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The effects of two potent inhibitors of cholinesterase, isopropylmethylphosphonofluoridate (sarin) and ethyl pyrophosphate (TEPP), were investigated on the bronchioles and pulmonary blood vessels in isolated dog lung preparations perfused with heparinized blood and ventilated artificially. These anticholinesterases caused gradual bronchoconstriction as indicated by a diminution in tidal air volume, a reduction in compliance and an increase in expiratory resistance. These effects were antagonized by atropine. An increase in pulmonary vascular resistance occurred which was enhanced by the addition of small quantities of acetylcholine to the perfusing blood. The pulmonary vascular effects of acetylcholine, sarin and TEPP were prevented and abolished by atropine. Evidence is presented which suggests that the site of action of these anticholinesterases is, at least in part, peripheral to the autonomic ganglia.The effects of anticholinesterases on the pulmonary circulation in the dog have been studied recently by Daly (1957) and by Daly and Wright (1957). Under conditions in which respiration, pulmonary blood flow and left atrial pressure were controlled to exclude passive effects on the pulmonary circulation, the intravenous administration of anticholinesterases caused an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (Daly and Wright, 1957). It was suggested that several mechanisms probably contributed to this response, and evidence was presented that one of these was an alteration in alveolar gas tensions. Owing to the difficulty of controlling other variables it was not possible in these experiments to obtain evidence of a possible direct action of anticholinesterases on the pulmonary blood vessels. This problem has now been investigated and the results are presented in this paper. For the most part, isopropylmethylphosphonofluoridate (sarin) was used, but a few experiments were made with ethyl pyrophosphate (TEPP). METHODS Dogs, varying in weight from 6 to 14.7 kg., were given morphine hydrochloride (1 to 2 mg./kg. body weight, subcutaneously). Under local anaesthesia, a femoral artery was cannulated, and after intravenous injection of heparin (" Liquemin," Roche Products, 7 to 8 mg./kg.) to prevent intravascular clotting in later stages of making the preparation, the animal was bled to death. By means of a Dale-Schuster pump, the lungs were perfused in situ through the pulmonary artery at a constant blood volume inflow. Blood from the cannulated left atrium was collected in a reservoir, the bottom of which was connected to the input side of the pump. To prevent blood escaping from the pulmonary circulation by way of the bronchial vascular system, the superior and inferior venae cavae, the vena azygos, the aorta just above the level of the diaphragm and the oesophagus above and below the lung hilus were ligated. The ventricles were compressed by tying them tightly with tape just below the atrio-ventricular junction.Both the pump and reservoir were placed in a thermostatically controlled water-bath at 37'. The pulmon...

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Contributions to the physiology of the lungs

Cited by 228 publications

References 0 publications

The role of the nervous system in rhinitis

The role of the nervous system in rhinitis

Adrenal catecholamine secretion during stimulation of the nasal mucous membrane in the rabbit

The Effects of Anticholinesterases on the Bronchioles and Pulmonary Blood Vessels in Isolated Perfused Lungs of the Dog

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