Contributions to the study of <i>Trichinella spiralis</i> TSL‐1 antigens in host immunity

Yépez‐Mulia, Lilián; Hernández-Bello, Romel; Arizmendi-Puga, N.; Fonseca-Liñán, Rocío; Ortega‐Pierres, Guadalupe

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3024.2007.00985.x

Cited by 22 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Rats maintain a resident population of mucosal mast cells in the lamina propria of the small intestine under homeostatic conditions (46). It has been suggested that mast cell activation might be a direct effect of the parasite, and such activation has been demonstrated in vitro following exposure of cultured mast cells to tyvelose-bearing T. spiralis Ags (47,48). In contrast, we found that parasite challenge in the absence of specific Abs did not cause significant RMCPII release.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Expulsion of Secondary Trichinella spiralis Infection in Rats Occurs Independently of Mucosal Mast Cell Release of Mast Cell Protease II

Blum

Thrasher

Gagliardo

et al. 2009

The Journal of Immunology

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Our aim was to elucidate the contribution of mucosal mast cells to the effector phase of a secondary immune response to Trichinella spiralis. During secondary infection, rats expel 90–99% of T. spiralis first-stage larvae from the intestine in a matter of hours. This phenomenon appears to be unique to rats and has been called rapid expulsion. Primary intestinal infection by T. spiralis induces mastocytosis, and mast cell degranulation occurs when challenged rats exhibit rapid expulsion. These observations have engendered the view that mast cells mediate rapid expulsion. In this study, we report that. immunization of adult Albino Oxford rats by an infection limited to the muscle phase did not induce intestinal mastocytosis, yet such rats exhibited rapid expulsion when challenged orally. Although mastocytosis was absent, the protease unique to mucosal mast cells, rat mast cell protease II (RMCPII), was detected in sera at the time of expulsion. We further evaluated mast cell activity in neonatal rats that display rapid expulsion. Pups born to infected dams displayed rapid expulsion, and RMCPII was detected in their sera. By feeding pups parasite-specific mAbs or polyclonal Abs before challenge infection, it was possible to dissociate mast cell degranulation from parasite expulsion. These results indicate that rapid expulsion can occur in the absence of either intestinal mastocytosis or RMCPII release. Furthermore, release of RMCPII is not sufficient to cause expulsion. The data argue against a role for mast cells in the mechanism underlying the effector phase of protective immunity against T. spiralis in rats.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Expulsion of Secondary Trichinella spiralis Infection in Rats Occurs Independently of Mucosal Mast Cell Release of Mast Cell Protease II

Blum

Thrasher

Gagliardo

et al. 2009

The Journal of Immunology

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“…However, two issues, which were out of the scope of our current research, remain to be considered: the location of the detected ES L1 components, that is are they cargo, membrane or associated EVs proteins and the cellular origin of the detected EVs. Although helminth EVs may originate from the tegument, detection of ES L1 components within EVs suggests that their origin might be the stichosome, a multicellular organ that produces and releases ES L1 products …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae release extracellular vesicles with immunomodulatory properties

Kosanović

Cvetković

Gruden-Movsesijan

et al. 2019

Parasite Immunology

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Aims Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a newly discovered but universal communication tool between cells or organisms. However, few data exist on nematode EVs and none for Trichinella spiralis. Here, we aimed to investigate whether T spiralis muscle larvae produce EVs, whether they carry immunomodulatory proteins and whether they have a role in immunomodulation as a component of excretory‐secretory muscle larvae products (ES L1). Methods and results EVs were enriched from conditioned medium of T spiralis muscle larvae. Transmission electron microscopy images showed T spiralis EVs to be 30‐80 nm in size, and Western blot confirmed the presence of two out of three glycoproteins with the immunodominant epitope characteristic for muscle larvae of the genus Trichinella. Using a peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) stimulation assay, it was shown that these EVs elevated production of IL10 and IL6. Conclusion T spiralis muscle larvae produce EVs. Those EVs carry immunomodulatory proteins and have the capacity independently to induce regulatory responses in the same way as the T spiralis excretory‐secretory muscle larvae products from which they were isolated.

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“…contain some functional proteins such as proteinases, proteinase inhibitors, heat shock proteins, glycosidases, kinases, phosphatases, endonucleases, MIFs, enolases, and DNA-binding proteins [21], determined mostly according to their structural and sequence similarity to proteins from another species with known function. Since T. spiralis ES L1 antigens are localized on the surface of the parasite [22] and in the nuclei of infected host cells [23], a possible role of these molecules may be in invasion of the enterocytes, establishment or maintenance of the nurse cell, and induction of immune response in host organism [24]. …”

Section: Es L1 Antigens Of T Spiralis Muscle Larvaementioning

confidence: 99%

Secretory Products ofTrichinella spiralisMuscle Larvae and Immunomodulation: Implication for Autoimmune Diseases, Allergies, and Malignancies

Sofronić-Milosavljević

Ilić

Pinelli

et al. 2015

Journal of Immunology Research

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Trichinella spiralis has the unique ability to make itself “at home” by creating and hiding in a new type of cell in the host body that is the nurse cell. From this immunologically privileged place, the parasite orchestrates a long-lasting molecular cross talk with the host through muscle larvae excretory-secretory products (ES L1). Those products can successfully modulate parasite-specific immune responses as well as responses to unrelated antigens (either self or nonself in origin), providing an anti-inflammatory milieu and maintaining homeostasis. It is clear, based on the findings from animal model studies, that T. spiralis and its products induce an immunomodulatory network (which encompasses Th2- and Treg-type responses) that may allow the host to deal with various hyperimmune-associated disorders as well as tumor growth, although the latter still remains unclear. This review focuses on studies of the molecules released by T. spiralis, their interaction with pattern recognition receptors on antigen presenting cells, and subsequently provoked responses. This paper also addresses the immunomodulatory properties of ES L1 molecules and how the induced immunomodulation influences the course of different experimental inflammatory and malignant diseases.

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Contributions to the study of Trichinella spiralis TSL‐1 antigens in host immunity

Cited by 22 publications

References 93 publications

Expulsion of Secondary Trichinella spiralis Infection in Rats Occurs Independently of Mucosal Mast Cell Release of Mast Cell Protease II

Expulsion of Secondary Trichinella spiralis Infection in Rats Occurs Independently of Mucosal Mast Cell Release of Mast Cell Protease II

Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae release extracellular vesicles with immunomodulatory properties

Secretory Products ofTrichinella spiralisMuscle Larvae and Immunomodulation: Implication for Autoimmune Diseases, Allergies, and Malignancies

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